跨流域三维复杂绕流问题的气体运动论并行计算

通过研究求解描述跨流域三维绕流问题的Boltzmann模型方程气体运动论耦合迭代数值格式,分析气体运动论数值计算方法的内在并行性;从变量依赖关系、数据通信与并行可扩展性三方面开展基于离散速度空间区域分解计算的研究,发展求解稀薄流到连续流跨流域三维复杂绕流问题的并行算法。通过对不同Knudsen数、不同马赫数、不同攻角三维球体及返回舱绕流的并行计算,计算结果与实验数据和理论分析吻合较好。研究表明,该并行算法负载平衡和并行可扩展性较好,对不同并行计算机系统具有很好适应性,显示直接求解分子速度分布函数的气体运动论计算方法有良好的并行计算特性。     

液体火箭喷焰红外特性的数值仿真

用传输方程积分法计算液体火箭喷焰在光谱2~5?μm的红外特性,并考虑了经过海平面一定长度的水平路程后大气对液体火箭喷焰辐射的衰减作用.计算喷焰的形状为圆柱形,温度和组分的摩尔分数沿轴向和径向变化.计算中考虑气体组分H₂O,CO₂,CO的吸收与发射,喷焰内燃气的光谱透过率用SLG模型计算,大气的光谱透过率用LOWTRAN7.0计算.给出一台推力为1.125×10⁶N的液体火箭发动机喷焰表面以及经过海平面0.88?km水平路程大气衰减后的光谱辐射强度,经比较与参考文献给出的结果基本一致.     

Classification and quantification of solar wind driver gases leading to intense geomagnetic storms

Classification and quantification of the interplanetary structures causing intense geomagnetic storms (Dst?≤??100?nT) that occurred during 1997–2016 are studied. The subject of this consists of solar wind parameters of seventy-three intense storms that are associated with the southward interplanetary magnetic field. About 30.14% of the storms were driven by a combination of the sheath and ejecta (S?+?E), magnetic clouds (MC) and sheath field (S) are 26% each, 10.96% by combined sheath and MCs (S?+?C), while 5.48% of the storms were driven by ejecta (E) alone. Therefore, we want to aver that for storms driven by: (1) S?+?E. The Bz is high (≥10?nT), high density (ρ) (>10?N/cm³), high plasma beta (β) (>0.8), and unspecified (i.e. high or low) structure of the plasma temperature (T) and the flow speed (V); (2) MC. The Bz is ≥10?nT, low temperature (T?≤?400,000?K), low ρ (≤10?N/cm³), high V (≥450?km), and low β (≤0.8); (3) The structures of S?+?C are similar to that of MC except that the V is low (V?≤?450?km); (4) S. The Bz is high, low T, high ρ, unspecified V, and low β; and (5) E. Is when the structures are directly opposite of the one driven by MCs except for high V. Although, westward ring current indicates intense storms, but the large intensity of geomagnetic storms is determined by the intense nature of the electric field strength and the Bz. Therefore, great storms (i.e. Dst?≤??200?nT) are manifestation of high electric field strength (≥13?mV/m).     

Study of satellite retrieved CO2 and CH4 concentration over India

This paper reports a study of spatial and temporal variations of columnar averaged concentration of CO₂ and CH₄ over India using SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) and Greenhouse gas Observing SATellite (GOSAT) data. Comparison of these data with the global view National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) land data and also location specific flask data is made. The temporal variation in column averaged global CO₂ is similar to that over India and it is also similar to the NOAA surface flask data and global view. The variation in NOAA surface CH₄ is location dependent and its global view appears to vary seasonally in opposite phase with the column averaged CH₄ values from satellites, reflecting the limited comparability of surface and column averaged data. Over India the CO₂ maximum is in May and minimum in August/September while for CH₄ the maximum is in September and minimum in February/March. The seasonal variation of CH₄ over India is correlated with the eastern coastal rice cultivation.     

气氢/气氧富燃预燃室设计与试验

为获得点火可靠、燃气温度均匀性较好的气氢/气氧全流量补燃循环发动机富燃预燃室,开展了其结构方案设计、燃烧流场仿真和试验研究.结构方案分别为同轴双剪切单喷嘴、同轴剪切多喷嘴和分区燃烧.仿真结果表明,同轴双剪切单喷嘴方案能使燃气温度在较短的预燃室长度内达到较好的均匀性.试验结果表明,同轴双剪切喷嘴方案具有良好的点火可靠性和燃气温度均匀性,并且能在较广的流量范围内维持良好的燃气均匀性.      

金属离子掺杂与贵金属沉积对TiO2光催化性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶-浸渍法制备了掺杂La^3＋并沉积Pt的TiO2粉体光催化剂，考察了它对直接耐晒蓝的降解效果。结果表明，以TiO2干凝胶为母体，依次浸渍La^3＋、Pt^4＋所制备的粉体光催化剂La^3＋／Pt／TiO2降解效果比纯TiO2高80％，比相应的La^3＋/TiO2高36％，比Pt／TiO2高10．9％。X射线衍射分析表明，该法制备的TiO2粉体中锐钛矿相占95％以上，没有镧的氧化物形式，Pt以纳米级原子簇的形式沉积在La^3＋／TiO2表面，平均晶粒粒径为7nm，小于TiO2的平均粒径10nm；红外吸收光谱分析表明，无论是纯TiO2还是经过掺杂金属离子、掺杂与沉积贵金属共用后的TiO2，红外吸收光谱图相似，说明掺杂和沉积贵金属并没有极大地改变TiO2的化学结构，光催化性能的提高取决于杂质能级的电子捕获陷阱作用和光生载流子的重新分布。沉积贵金属有利于分离电子-空穴对，但沉积量不宜过大。     

Optical performance of PHEBUS/EUV detector onboard BepiColombo

BepiColombo, a mission of ESA (European Space Agency) in cooperation with JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), will explore Mercury, the planet closest to the Sun. BepiColombo will launch in 2014 on a journey lasting up to six and a half years; the data gathering phase should occupy a one year nominal mission, with a possible extension of another year. The data which will be brought back from the orbiters will tell us about the Hermean surface, atmospheric composition, and magnetospheric dynamics; it will also contribute to understanding the history and formation of terrestrial planets. The PHEBUS (Probing of Hermean Exosphere by Ultraviolet Spectroscopy) instrument will be flown on MPO: Mercury Planetary Orbiter, one of the two BepiColombo orbiters. The main purpose of the instrument is to reveal the composition and the distribution of the exosphere of Mercury through EUV (Extreme Ultraviolet: 55–155 nm) and FUV (Far Ultraviolet: 145–315 nm) measurements. A consortium composed of four main countries has been formed to build it. Japan provides the two detectors (EUV and FUV), Russia implements the scanning system, and France and Italy take charge of the overall design, assembly, test, integration, and also provide two small NUV (Near Ultraviolet) detectors (for the light from calcium and potassium molecules). An optical prototype of the EUV detector which is identical to the flight configuration has been manufactured and evaluated. In this paper, we show the first spectra results observed by the EUV channel optical prototype. We also describe the design of PHEBUS and discuss the possibility of detecting noble gases in Mercury’s exosphere taking the experimental results so far into account.     

固体推进剂空气涡轮火箭发动机的热力循环分析

固体推进剂空气涡轮火箭发动机SPATR（Solid Propellant Air-Turbo-Rocket）是一种吸气式推进装置。本文根据SPATR的结构特点,建立了发动机性能和特性分析数学模型,编制了计算程序,在设计点计算和分析了燃气发生器出口参数、压气机压比对SPATR性能的影响。计算了海平面和高空飞行条件下的非设计点性能,对比了不同固体推进剂的推力和比冲性能以及SPATR燃烧室中贫燃和富燃状态下的非设计点性能。计算结果表明SPATR能够在宽的速度（0～3Ma）、高度（0~12km）范围内工作,当燃烧室内油气比为当量油气比时,单位推力可以达到1200Nf/(kg/s),比冲达到7000Nf/(kg/s)。     

三维多组分羽流及其效应的数值模拟

考虑到实际卫星总体布局特点及姿控发动机燃气喷流为多组分的特点,采用差分求解N-S(Navier-Stokes)方程耦合DSMC(Direct Simulation Monte Carlo)方法建立三维多组分羽流场的数值模拟模型,对5 N无水肼单组元姿控发动机喷管产生的燃气羽流场及其效应进行数值模拟,计算得出羽流场的物理参数分布、化学组分分布,得到了羽流对太阳能帆板的羽流气动力和气动热效应.计算结果表明对于太阳能帆板的羽流效应防护应以N2,NH3为主,姿控发动机羽流会对太阳能帆板撞击产生气动力和气动热的影响,在太阳能帆板前沿中点处,存在气动压强峰值和气动热流峰值.计算结果为研究羽流效应提供了参考依据.     

固体推进剂空气涡轮火箭发动机的非设计点性能研究

为了简化控制系统和节流装置,采用涡轮进口富燃燃气流量为常数的调节计划,建立了固体推进剂空气涡轮火箭发动机(SPATR)的非设计点计算数学模型。分析了不同设计点涡轮进口富燃燃气流量对SPATR性能的影响,确立了设计点富燃燃气流量选择的方法。计算了SPATR的非设计点性能。结果表明,所建数学模型合理、可行,能满足SPATR在不同高度和速度下飞行任务的需要。