镁合金表面冷喷涂铝合金与铝基复合涂层组织和耐蚀性研究

为提高镁合金表面耐蚀性,用冷喷涂技术在ZM5镁合金表面制备AA5083铝合金涂层与AA5083/20vol.%Al_2O_3铝基复合涂层。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)和显微硬度测试仪等分析手段研究涂层形貌组织和性能,并结合电化学测试技术对涂层的抗腐蚀性能进行了评价。评价结果表明:冷喷涂铝合金涂层组织致密,铝基复合涂层中Al_2O_3与AA5083颗粒分布均匀;2种涂层显微硬度均大于ZM5镁合金基体且抗腐蚀性能优于ZM5镁合金,腐蚀电位相比镁合金基体有所提高,腐蚀电流相比镁合金基体降低一个数量级。利用冷喷涂技术制备的AA5083铝合金涂层与AA5083/20vol.%Al_2O_3铝基复合涂层,组织致密,涂层硬度较高,均可显著提高镁合金表面耐蚀性。     

水蒸气气氛下铝锂合金反应特性及动力学分析

金属铝具有高的能量密度,为了研究铝的反应活化机制,利用热天平分别研究锂质量含量为0%、1%、2%、5%、10%、20%的铝样品在水蒸气气氛下的反应特性,采用单曲线积分法计算了铝、铝锂合金(锂质量分数分别为10%和20%)与水反应的动力学参数,并对铝锂合金与水蒸气的产物做XRD测试。结果表明,锂含量增大,样品最终增重也会提高;着火温度随锂含量增加而降低,当锂含量超过5%后,着火温度变化不大,约为380℃。通过以上实验计算得出,锂的添加降低了整体反应的表观活化能,促进了铝样品与水的反应。     

高强铝合金薄壁高筋大型壁板精确成形制造技术研究

针对现有铝合金薄板加筋条铆接或轧制厚板铣削的制造方式已经难以满足新型运载火箭舱段壁板在轻量化、高性能和低成本快速制造等方面的发展需求,从挤压成形所具有的高效率、高成形精度和良好的稳定性等特点出发,围绕高强韧高成形性可焊铝合金设计、高纯均质熔铸工艺、挤压流变整体成形以及复杂断面构件热处理调控的研究,提出采用带筋筒形件挤压开坯、精近成形后剖展的方法,制造宽幅薄壁高筋壁板,在降低宽幅薄壁高筋壁板对工装高要求的同时提高成形稳定性,并兼具高效、低成本、高性能等特点,能够支撑轻质高强薄壁大型舱段的高性能、低成本、高效制造。     

7A09铝合金电子束焊接接头的显微组织与力学性能

采用电子束焊方法对7A09铝合金进行焊接,分析不同焊接工艺对接头显微组织与力学性能的影响,获得了焊缝表面成形良好的焊接接头。为了进一步改善接头区域的显微组织,以提高接头的力学性能,对接头进行焊后热处理。接头微观分析显示,焊态下接头熔合区由柱状晶和等轴状枝晶组成,初生相在晶界处聚集,形成共晶组织。在焊接过程中添加圆形电子束扫描,可改善接头焊缝成形,细化焊缝晶粒。接头经过焊后热处理,晶界初生相减少,较多的强化相η′(MgZn2)等在接头焊缝区析出。力学性能测试表明,热处理后接头的拉伸强度达 400.6 MPa,为母材拉伸强度的80.8%。拉伸断口扫描观察显示,接头断口表面分布有许多大且深的韧窝,呈明显的韧性断裂特征。     

铝合金新材料在载人密封舱主结构中的应用研究进展

文章简述了铝合金新材料在载人密封舱主结构中的应用研究进展,总结了传统航天用铝镁系铝合金的特点,在相关实验研究的基础上,通过对比分析指出,新型5B70铝镁钪合金具有优良的综合性能,将是我国未来载人密封舱主结构升级换代的最佳备选材料。结合当今载人航天器的发展需要,剖析了传统铝合金材料在未来载人航天器升级换代这过程中亟待解决的难题和将要面临的挑战。     

不同封闭工艺对2195铝锂合金环保型阳极氧化膜耐蚀性能影响

针对轻量化航天装备的可靠性服役对2195铝锂合金提出的高耐蚀性需求,采用环保型硫酸己二酸(50 g/L硫酸和10 g/L己二酸)溶液体系在2195铝锂合金表面制备阳极氧化膜,对所得的膜层通过沸水封闭、铬酸盐封闭、镍盐封闭和铈盐封闭4种封闭工艺进行后处理,并利用扫描电子显微镜、动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱等方法对膜层表面的显微形貌和耐蚀性能进行表征。结果表明:相较于未封闭的阳极氧化膜,4种封闭工艺均提高了膜层的耐蚀性能,其中镍盐封闭后对基体的钝化效果最好,铬酸盐封闭次之,沸水封闭和铈盐封闭对膜层防腐性能提升有限。对电化学阻抗谱的进一步解析表明,4种膜层阻挡层电阻Rb均在105Ω·cm2数量级,膜层耐蚀能力主要来自于被水合及沉淀物充分填充的多孔层内部,相应的电阻Rp2的数值大小依次为镍盐封闭铬酸盐封闭沸水封闭≈铈盐封闭。     

基于数字图像相关的预腐蚀2024-T4铝合金疲劳开裂实验研究

通过三维数字图像相关(3D-DIC)方法研究预腐蚀2024-T4铝合金在三种不同最大应力水平和应力比下的疲劳开裂行为。通过应变场演化直观地显示裂纹萌生和扩展的时空特征,并通过扫描电镜观测关键损伤区域的断裂微观形貌。结果表明:试样边缘的局部腐蚀促进了疲劳裂纹萌生,影响了裂纹的形核位置,并引起材料氢脆现象;疲劳裂纹扩展方向与加载方向呈60°~68°角,表明疲劳裂纹扩展可以用KⅠ/KⅡ混合模式来描述;预腐蚀铝合金疲劳失效存在单裂纹断裂、多裂纹联合、多裂纹竞争和多裂纹平行扩展4种典型的失效模式。     

Effects of dry/wet ratio and pre-immersion on stress corrosion cracking of 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy under wet-dry cyclic conditions

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior and mechanism of 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy under wet-dry cyclic conditions were investigated. Slow strain rate tests (SSRTs) and electrochemical tests were used to study the effects of dry/wet ratio (DWR) and pre-immersion on SCC. Fracture and side surface characterizations were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrate that SCC susceptibility decreases with an increase of the DWR. With an increase of the pre-immersion time, both continuous pre-immersion (CP) and wet-dry cyclic pre-immersion (WDP) samples are more sensitive to SCC, and the cracking mode in the SCC fracture region is intergranular. Furthermore, the effect of WDP on SCC is greater than that of CP when the total time immersed in solution before an SSRT is the same with each other. In fact, each single wet-dry cycle can be divided into three processes with respect to the change of solution on samples’ surface. Volatilization of water on the surface results in an increase in solute concentration, thus accelerating corrosion.     

Improvement and application of Y2O3 directional solidification crucible

In order to satisfy the drastic temperature change and high chemical activity in directional solidification of Nb–Si based alloys, Y_2O_3 crucible is demanded to possess high thermal shock resistance and erosion resistance. This paper improved the sintering degree and density of Y_2O_3 crucible by optimizing the sintering temperature and time, and its practical application performance was investigated. Y_2O_3 grains gathered with the increase of sintering temperature and time, and the contact area enlarged, resulting in the open pores being changed into closed pores.The higher density caused the improvement of erosion resistance of Y_2O_3 crucibles. However, excessive density weakened the thermal shock resistance. Considering high-temperature strength, erosion resistance, thermal shock resistance and costs, optimum sintering temperature and time of Y_2O_3 directional solidification crucible were 1800 °C and 120 min, respectively, and the porosity was20%. Improved Y_2O_3 crucible has been successfully applied to directional solidification of Nb–Si based alloys, and significantly reduced the oxygen contamination. Slight interaction occurred between Hf and Y_2O_3, but no obvious dissolution, penetration or erosion was found, showing good erosion resistance and thermal shock resistance.     

Hot-cracking susceptibility and shear fracture behavior of dissimilar Ti6Al4V/AA6060 alloys in pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding

Laser welding of dissimilar titanium/aluminum alloys has been employed at an increasing rate, particularly in the aerospace industry, owing to its advantages in terms of current design flexibility and fuel/cost savings. The major problem with dissimilar Ti/Al welds arises from the difference in the thermal expansion and contraction of the two metals, which leads to hot-cracking susceptibility and the mitigation of the mechanical property after welding. In the present study, pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding of Ti6Al4V and AA6060 has been addressed. Hot-cracking susceptibility in the heat affected zone and the shear fracture behavior of the lap joints were investigated through microstructural characterization and mechanical tests. The results indicate that the hot cracking tendency can be reduced by increasing the pulse peak power (7.5–8.5 kW) and the laser point diameter (0.8–1.0 mm) with specific pulse duration and overlap. An alternative control strategy for less hot cracks in the Ti/Al lap joint can be to increase the weld width and decrease the cooling rate during solidification. The shear fracture of the Ti/Al lap joint is likely to occur along the lower side path of the weld interface with decreasing weld surface collapsed amount and increasing aluminum base metal melt depth.