多元化实验教学评估方法的研究与应用

实验课程教学评估体系对实验课程教学的组织与实施具有很强的导向和质量监控作用，但现行的实验课程教学评估体系还不健全、不完善，因此在实验课程教学改革中要确立新的教学评估理念，制定科学的教学评估内容和标准，灵活运用多种评估方法，形成在新的教学评估观指导下的多元化实验课程教学评估方法，真正发挥评估体系服务教学、指导学习的积极反拨作用。     

Differential code bias estimation based on uncombined PPP with LEO onboard GPS observations

Differential Code Bias (DCB) is an essential correction that must be provided to the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) users for precise position determination. With the continuous deployment of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, DCB estimation using observations from GNSS receivers onboard the LEO satellites is drawing increasing interests in order to meet the growing demands on high-quality DCB products from LEO-based applications, such as LEO-based GNSS signal augmentation and space weather research. Previous studies on LEO-based DCB estimation are usually using the geometry-free combination of GNSS observations, and it may suffer from significant leveling errors due to non-zero mean of multipath errors and short-term variations of receiver code and phase biases. In this study, we utilize the uncombined Precise Point Positioning (PPP) model for LEO DCB estimation. The models for uncombined PPP-based LEO DCB estimation are presented and GPS observations acquired from receivers onboard three identical Swarm satellites from February 1 to 28, 2019 are used for the validation. The results show that the average Root Mean Square errors (RMS) of the GPS satellite DCBs estimated with onboard data from each of the three Swarm satellites using the uncombined PPP model are less than 0.18 ns when compared to the GPS satellite DCBs obtained from IGS final daily Global Ionospheric Map (GIM) products. Meanwhile, the corresponding average RMS of GPS satellite DCBs estimated with the conventional geometry-free model are 0.290, 0.210, 0.281 ns, respectively, which are significantly larger than those obtained with the uncombined PPP model. It is also noted that the estimated GPS satellite DCBs by Swarm A and C satellites are highly correlated, likely attributed to their similar orbit type and space environment. On the other hand, the Swarm receiver DCBs estimated with uncombined PPP model, with Standard Deviation (STD) of 0.065, 0.037 and 0.071 ns, are more stable than those obtained from the official Swarm Level 2 products with corresponding STD values of 0.115, 0.101, and 0.109 ns, respectively. The above indicates that high-quality DCB products can be estimated based on uncombined PPP with LEO onboard observations.     

First results of operational ionospheric dynamics prediction for the Brazilian Space Weather program

It is shown the development and preliminary results of operational ionosphere dynamics prediction system for the Brazilian Space Weather program. The system is based on the Sheffield University Plasmasphere–Ionosphere Model (SUPIM), a physics-based model computer code describing the distribution of ionization within the Earth mid to equatorial latitude ionosphere and plasmasphere, during geomagnetically quiet periods. The model outputs are given in a 2-dimensional plane aligned with Earth magnetic field lines, with fixed magnetic longitude coordinate. The code was adapted to provide the output in geographical coordinates. It was made referring to the Earth’s magnetic field as an eccentric dipole, using the approximation based on International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF-11). During the system operation, several simulation runs are performed at different longitudes. The original code would not be able to run all simulations serially in reasonable time. So, a parallel version for the code was developed for enhancing the performance. After preliminary tests, it was frequently observed code instability, when negative ion temperatures or concentrations prevented the code from continuing its processing. After a detailed analysis, it was verified that most of these problems occurred due to concentration estimation of simulation points located at high altitudes, typically over 4000 km of altitude. In order to force convergence, an artificial exponential decay for ion–neutral collisional frequency was used above mentioned altitudes. This approach shown no significant difference from original code output, but improved substantially the code stability. In order to make operational system even more stable, the initial altitude and initial ion concentration values used on exponential decay equation are changed when convergence is not achieved, within pre-defined values. When all code runs end, the longitude of every point is then compared with its original reference station longitude, and differences are compensated by changing the simulation point time slot, in a temporal adjustment optimization. Then, an approximate neighbor searching technique was developed to obtain the ion concentration values in a regularly spaced grid, using inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation. A 3D grid containing ion and electron concentrations is generated for every hour of simulated day. Its spatial resolution is 1° of latitude per 1° of longitude per 10 km of altitude. The vertical total electron content (VTEC) is calculated from the grid, and plotted in a geographic map. An important feature that was implemented in the system is the capacity of combining observational data and simulation outputs to obtain more appropriate initial conditions to the ionosphere prediction. Newtonian relaxation method was used for this data assimilation process, where ionosonde data from four different locations in South America was used to improve the system accuracy. The whole process runs every day and predicts the VTEC values for South America region with almost 24 h ahead.     

社会化商业情境下UGC对品牌态度的影响述评

以互动参与及粉丝经济为典型特征的社会化商业时代,传统媒介已不足以支撑企业品牌的构建与发展;社会化平台用户产生内容（UGC）会直接影响品牌的可信度及消费者购买决策.通过对国内外文献的回顾,梳理了UGC对品牌态度的驱动因素,并从正反两方面探索了UGC对品牌态度产生的积极影响与消极效应,旨在为网络零售业在社会化商业模式下的品牌传播提供营销启示与参考.     

基于内容分析法的航空公司网站营销绩效评估

遵循服务导向的原则,从航空公司网站目标顾客的角度出发,针对信息服务、互动服务和电子商务服务等构建了评价指标体系;进而采用内容分析法,选择内地民航客运市场14家航空公司的简体中文网站进行了绩效评估;并采用非参数检验的手段,进行了进一步的实证研究。     

辽宁省城镇化内涵及其影响因素分析

城镇化是社会发展的必然趋势，是我国现代化建设的必由之路，但目前对城镇化内涵的还没有一个完整统一的认识。城镇化内涵应该包括经侪城镇化、产业结构城镇化、人口城镇化、空间城镇化、生活方式城镇化等。从城镇化的内涵人手，对其影响因素进行分析，旨在对辽宁城镇化的进程进行测量，以期进一步推动辽宁城镇化的进程。     

电子产品中铅焊接金脆问题浅析

针对航天电子产品广泛采用的Sn-Pb焊料在镀金表面焊接形成焊点的工艺,分析了工业及国内外航天相关标准文件中对焊接后焊点中含金量的要求以及焊点含金量、时效、器件不同封装形式对焊点可靠性的影响,并深入分析了合金焊点金相组织结构,最后介绍了一般去金工艺要求与去金不到位而导致器件失效案例。     

电子束增材制造γ-TiAl显微组织调控与拉伸性能研究

研究了电子束选区熔化增材制造Ti-48A1-2Cr-2Nb合金的显微组织与拉伸性能.A1含量的烧损导致显微组织呈现不均匀性,沉积态材料由较大的γ晶粒和被α2晶粒钉扎的链状细小γ晶粒组成.γ相占据89％的体积,但并未显示出明显织构;而α2相显示出14.1倍随机值的(0001)织构,其c轴与沉积方向平行.沉积态材料的室温抗拉强度达到503MPa,而塑性为0.热等静压与热处理后的材料强度稍有下降,但延伸率获得较大改善.直到800℃,双态组织TiAl-4822材料的抗拉强度仍在460MPa以上,而全片层组织材料则维持在400MPa以上.     

国产高模量碳纤维抗真空紫外辐照性能试验研究

通过地面模拟试验研究了真空紫外辐照对国产BHM3高模量碳纤维质量损失率的影响,并采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）仪对辐照前后的样品进行微观分析。结果表明,随着真空紫外辐照剂量增加,碳纤维质损率呈现先增加后平缓现象,质量损失率较少;紫外辐照作用前后碳纤维表面形貌和元素组成基本未变,说明其具有良好的抗紫外辐照性能。     

Solidworks2008标题栏的设计与填写

本文介绍了在Solid Works2008下工程图标题栏设计、项目修改、填写有关内容。使标题栏的内容符合本单位规定的内容、格式,并可实现由系统自动填写,对于工程设计非常实用。