TATB含铝炸药粉反应特性的激波管研究

用自制光谱探测技术和回收技术，在爆炸激该管中研究了铝粉掺入ＴＡＴＢ炸药粉中的快速反应特性。研究表明：随着铝粉含量Ｎ的增加，铝粉的氧化反应和氢化反应加剧，在Ｎ＝３３％时达到最大，继续增加铝粉含量，铝粉反应明显减弱。铝粉的颗粒度为４４μｍ较好。     

Change of Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties with MgO and Fe Thicknesses in Fe/MgO/Fe Magnetic Tunnel Junction

The effects of the thickness of MgO and Fe on the electronic structure and magnetic properties of Fe/MgO/Fe magnetic tunnel junction was studied using the first principle method. Two series of models with MgO of different thicknesses: Fe(3)MgO(t)Fe(3) (t=1,3,5,7) and with Fe of varied thicknesses: Fe(t)MgO(3)Fe(t) (t=3,4,5,6,7) were established. Calculated results show that in all the models the magnetic moment of Fe increases at the Fe/MgO interface and surface as compared with that of the inner layers. The mag-netic moment of each Fe layer was found to be independent of MgO thicknesses, while the spin-polarization of Fe layer at the interface shows a slight change in function of the MgO thicknesses. The tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio estimated by the Julliere model has the same change tendency as the spin-polarization has, and the largest value is obtained at the MgO thickness of 5 atomic layers. When the Fe thickness increases, the spin-polarization of interface Fe layer follows up an increase with a decrease. The highest TMR value is achieved when the Fe thickness is of 4 atomic layers.     

Comparative Study on Super Fine Mesophase Powder and MCMB Used to Manufacture High-Density Isotropic Carbon Bulks

Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) and super fine mesophase powder (SFMP) were prepared firstly from a coal tar pitch and then hot-condensed into high-density isotropic carbon (HDIC) bulks under 160 MPa and finally sintered at 1 000 ℃ . By analyzing the ther-mogravimetric behavior of the MCMB and SFMP powders, their volume shrinkage and weight loss during sintering and the bulk density and flexural strengths of their sintered bulks, it was found that the smaller sizes and the richer β-resin contents of SFMP have facilitated formation of sintered bulks with more compact isotropic structure and higher flexural strengths than MCMB. Because of the filling and bonding effects of SFMP on MCMB bulks, addition of SFMP, albeit a little, can greatly increase the flexural strengths of sintered bulks of MCMB. However, adding MCMB, even a slight amount, into SFMP can severely impair the flexural strength of sintered bulks. This might be attributed to both the crack initiation along the boundaries between MCMB and SFMP and the formation of layered texture of MCMB sphere.     

Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Glass Coats with High Temperature Radar Absorber

BaO-La2O3-B2O3 （BLB） glass, suitable to be used as a sealing between metals, was chosen to be the binder in preparing glass coats on the Ti-alloy substrate. The SiCN nano-powder was introduced as the filler for the absorbing coat because it is considered to be a good high temperature absorber. The effect of the coating temperature and coating time on the tensile strength of the glass coat was investigated and the proper coating parameters to get good mechanical properties were determined. In addition, the effects of the SiCN content on the tensile strength of the absorbing coat were also discussed. Results show that it is possible to prepare the glass coat using the BLB glass as a binder. That the coat formed at 730℃ for 30 min has the best tensile strength witnesses 730 ℃, 30 min to be the proper parameter to prepare the glass coat. The BLB glass coat without SiCN powder possesses good tensile strength and the introduction of the SiCN absorber into the glass coat will lower the tensile strength. As the SiCN content increases, the tensile strength of the absorbing coat decreases, which could be attributed to the aggregation of SiCN in the coats.     

稠密气固两相流颗粒质量流量测量方法研究

为解决粉末火箭发动机和粉末冲压发动机供粉系统冷流标定过程中颗粒质量流量的测量问题,提出了一种稠密气固两相流中颗粒质量流量的测量方法,并基于旋风分离器和电子天平运用该方法设计了一套气固两相流中固体质量流量的测量装置,同时运用粉末火箭发动机的供粉系统对该测量方法和装置的测试性能进行了实验验证研究。结果表明:测量装置的粉末收集效率可高达98.5%以上,为固体颗粒的质量流量测量提供了保障;测量方法具有较好的可靠性和测量精度,其测量结果相对误差低于3%;测量方法具有较好的测量稳定性,重复性实验中测量结果相对误差低于2%;通过改变旋风分离器结构设计等参数,可拓宽测量方法的适用范围。     

铝铜铁准晶抗高温氧化行为的研究

利用真空非自耗电弧炉制备了 Al6 2 .5Cu2 5Fe1 2 .5合金。采用 X射线 ,扫描电镜及热重方法对Al-Cu-Fe准晶的结构及恒温氧化行为进行了分析。研究结果表明 :Al-Cu-Fe准晶具有优良的抗氧化性。原因是氧化使铝元素向准晶表面扩散并富集 ,形成一层薄而致密的 Al2 O3氧化膜 ,从而延缓了氧化速度。在 80 0℃下 ,Al6 2 .5Cu2 5Fe1 2 .5准晶的氧化动力学符合抛物线规律。首次原位观察了 Al-Cu-Fe准晶在等温氧化过程中形貌变化 ,发现在 70 0℃和 80 0℃氧化时 Al-Cu-Fe准晶表面具有明显不同。通过等温氧化增重实验定量比较了 Al6 2 .5Cu2 5Fe1 2 .5准晶粉末与其它 Al-Cu-Fe系晶体合金的抗氧化性能 ,结果表明 Al-Cu-Fe准晶相抗氧化性能最好 ,说明准晶结构对其氧化行为具有重要影响     

NOPD颗粒减振机理的理论及实验研究

NOPD(Non-Obstructive Particle Damping)又称粉体阻尼技术,它是 90年代发展起来的一种新的被动减振技术。以两端自由的等截面梁为研究对象,从微小颗粒的摩擦和冲击两个方面建立其减振理论模型,实现对振动响应的数值仿真并进行了实验验证,对 NOPD的减振特性进行了较深入的研究。     

压制工艺和粒径对粉末冶金Ti-1Al-8V-5Fe合金组织性能的影响

采用粉末冶金技术以氢化钛（TiH₂）粉和不同粒径的元素粉体为原料制备Ti-1Al-8V-5Fe（Ti-185）合金,研究了压制工艺对不同粒径元素粉制备的Ti-185合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明：当压制压力在800 MPa、保压时间80 s、压制速率为1 mm/s时,Ti-185生坯密度最高,为最佳压制工艺。由粒径较小元素粉制备得到的Ti-185合金晶粒越细小,合金的烧结致密度就越高。粉末粒径越小,烧结过程中合金元素实现合金化需要扩散的距离就越短,越有利于合金力学性能的提高,其中具有最小粒径的样品表现出最高的硬度（43 HRC）和强度（1 438 MPa）。     

片状粉末冶金的石墨烯/铝基复合材料制备过程控制与力学性能

石墨烯/铝复合材料具有强化效率高、强塑性协同提升、综合性能优异的特点,有望突破现有金属基复合材料强塑性匹配性差的瓶颈问题,但石墨烯的难于分散是困扰材料制备的重要问题。基于机械球磨工艺的片状粉末冶金技术可以将球状铝粉变成片状,实现石墨烯的均匀分散。本研究通过添加过程控制剂PDMS调控机械球磨过程,制备片状铝粉,结合压力浸渗技术制备0.6%(质量分数)GNPs/6061Al复合材料。结果表明:随着球磨时间延长,片状铝粉直径呈先上升后稳定的状态;随过程控制剂黏度上升,片状铝粉直径上升,铝粉片状化效果更明显,同时石墨烯缺陷含量先降低后上升。结合组织表征和力学性能测试,讨论了材料性能与组织结构间的关系。     

Effect of Processing and Composition on the Structure and Properties of P/M EP741NP Type Alloys

A study was carried out on the effects of processing and composition on the structure and properties of P/M EP741NP type alloys. The objectives of this study were to understand the role of Hf in a P/M superalloy containing high niobium used in aircraft engines and to determine the effects of extrusion and forging the powders as contrasted to HIPing (hot isostatic pressing) only. Two alloys of the P/M EP741NP composition were atomized: one alloy contained 0.26%Hf and the other was Hf free. After the as-atomized powders from both alloys were characterized, the powders were extruded into billets, forged and heat treated. After each process, the microstructures were characterized by SEM and the phases were extracted and identified by X-ray diffraction. The presence of Hf in the residues was probed by EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy). The alloys were given the published Russian heat treatment as well as a more conventional heat treatment more typical of western powder alloys. Tensile, creep and stress rupture mechanical property tests were run. Results of the structural behavior of the alloys after each processing step will be presented and discussed. The role of the Hf on the mechanical proper- ties will be discussed.