纳米CeO2/Zn复合粉末的高能球磨法制备与表征

采用高能球磨法制备了用于热浸镀锌的纳米C eO2/Zn复合粉末,并利用X射线衍射(X-ray d iffraction,XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(X-ray photoe lectron spectroscopy,XPS)、透射电镜(T ransm iss ion e lectron m i-croscopy,TEM)、扫描电镜(Scann ing e lectron m icroscopy,SEM)以及能谱分析(X-ray energy d ispers ive spec-trum,EDS)等方法,对复合粉末的显微结构、表面成分、晶粒大小、微观形貌以及元素分布进行了研究。结果表明,随着球磨时间的延长,纳米C eO2硬团聚体逐渐解聚,Zn晶粒不断细化,形成层片状复合粉末;球磨120 m in后纳米C eO2粒子分散良好,呈理想的单个均匀弥散分布状态包覆在Zn颗粒上形成近似球形的复合粒子,其粒径分布均匀。     

A Novel Processing Route for Ni-doped Alumina Composites

Alumina-based composites containing 0-15wt% Ni metallic phase were produced by hot press-sintering Ni-coated alumina pow-ders. The Ni-coated alumina powders were prepared by the aqueous heterogeneous precipitation of alumina micro-powders and nickel sulfate salt followed by reduction process. The microstructural features and dispersion of Ni phase in Ni-coated alumina powders and the subsequent alumina-Ni cermets were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and trans-mission electron microscope (TEM). The relative density of the hot press-sintered composites was measured with the Archimedes’ method while the fracture strength and the fracture toughness were defined with the three-point bending method and the mi-cro-indentation fracture method. In the formation of alumina-Ni cermets from sintered Ni-coated alumina powders, Ni phase to some extent limits the densification rate and stifles the coarsening and growing process of alumina grains. The Ni phase is found to be located at the interfaces and the triple-joint junctions of alumina grains which results into alteration of the fracture mode of alumina and its in-creased fracture strength and fracture toughness if compared with monolithic alumina.     

Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Glass Coats with High Temperature Radar Absorber

BaO-La2O3-B2O3 (BLB) glass, suitable to be used as a sealing between metals, was chosen to be the binder in preparing glass coats on the Ti-alloy substrate. The SiCN nano-powder was introduced as the filler for the absorbing coat because it is considered to be a good high temperature absorber. The effect of the coating temperature and coating time on the tensile strength of the glass coat was investigated and the proper coating parameters to get good mechanical properties were determined. In addition, the effects of the SiCN content on the tensile strength of the absorbing coat were also discussed. Results show that it is possible to prepare the glass coat using the BLB glass as a binder. That the coat formed at 730 ℃ for 30 min has the best tensile strength witnesses 730 ℃, 30 min to be the proper parameter to prepare the glass coat. The BLB glass coat without SiCN powder possesses good tensile strength and the introduc-tion of the SiCN absorber into the glass coat will lower the tensile strength. As the SiCN content increases, the tensile strength of the absorbing coat decreases, which could be attributed to the aggregation of SiCN in the coats.     

改变结构参数对旋流喷嘴内外两相流场的影响

针对一种超细粉体旋流分散喷嘴,在不同进气角度和出口锥角的条件下,采用雷诺应力湍流模型(RSM)并考虑气体的可压缩性,对喷嘴内部及出口附近的强旋、跨声速流场进行了模拟,同时结合离散相模型研究了1~10μm粒子的运动轨迹和质量浓度分布规律.结果显示:改变旋流喷嘴的进气角度对旋流强度和湍流强度影响不大,而出口锥角改变时,喷嘴内的旋流强度有明显变化;随着颗粒密度或出口锥角增大,或进气角度减小,旋流喷嘴内粒子的临界逃逸粒径相应减小;在喷嘴后方,颗粒相达到较好的扩散均匀性所需的掺混距离约为20倍喷嘴出口直径.      

高强阻尼铝合金的阻尼性能和组织稳定性

采用时效处理实验,研究了快速凝固/粉末冶金工艺制备的X7093/5(Zn-30Al)高强度阻尼铝合金的阻尼性能和组织稳定性.将阻尼铝合金分别在50℃,100℃,120℃保温10?h,50?h,100?h后空冷,采用动态力学热分析仪(DMTA)和透射电镜(TEM)分别测试其阻尼性能和观察微观组织的变化情况.研究结果表明: 阻尼铝合金在时效过程中,组织结构由最初细碎杂乱的晶态结构转变为具有规则晶界的大晶粒结构,晶界对合金阻尼性能的贡献增强.在室温至250℃的温度范围内,合金阻尼值由4×10^-3增至3.0×10^-2.阻尼铝合金在120℃以下、100?h以内的时效处理中,时效温度和时效时间的不同对合金阻尼性能的影响不显著,材料的阻尼性能稳定性良好.     

连续粒径粉体在浆体中的堆积密度

采用测定相同流动度时浆体需水量的方法,试验证明了不同粒径分布的矿粉其堆积密度有显著的差异.将浆体中的粉体颗粒及其表面包裹着的一层水膜作为复合颗粒,从而将求浆体中粉体颗粒堆积密度的问题转化为求假想复合颗粒体系的堆积密度问题,在Stovall模型的基础上推导了浆体中连续粒径粉体的堆积密度计算公式;通过试验确定了该公式中的待定参数值,并对公式的适用性进行了验证,结果表明:用该公式可以根据粉体的粒径分布计算它在浆体中的堆积密度.      

概率分析方法在粉末冶金涡轮盘疲劳蠕变寿命预测中的应用

基于某粉末冶金材料的力学性能试验结果,结合专家经验、同类产品信息和现场数据,得到了该材料的蠕变寿命和疲劳寿命在不同温度下的概率密度分布曲线;采用有限元法对某粉末冶金涡轮盘在实际谱循环载荷作用下的最危险部位的应力进行了计算,利用上述试验结果和疲劳蠕变统一寿命模型,得到了不同置信度下粉末冶金涡轮盘的实际安全寿命。     

超细铝粉的燃烧特性及燃烧模型

运用ＤＴＡ－ＴＧ、ＰＤＳＣ单幅近距摄影、扫描电镜、推进剂爆热的测定等多种实验技术，对超细铝粉燃烧特性及其燃烧模型进行了研究。结果表明，在中压区，推进剂燃面的ＳＡ１直接点火燃烧放热，提高了推进剂燃速，并提出了ＳＡ１在推进剂燃面上直接点火的观战及燃面点火的两个条件；揭示了铝粉在中、高压区内的不同作用，提出了铝焰的概念；绘制了铝和ＳＡ１的燃烧行为图。     

纳米SiO2对氰酸酯树脂的增韧改性研究

研究了在不同配比下，几种纳米SiO2（工业品和溶胶-凝胶法自制）对双酚A型氰酸酯树脂（BADCy）的改性方法，并且制定了体系的固化工艺。通过差示扫描量热（DSC）、透射电镜（TEM）等分析测试手段，研究了体系的反应活性以及结构，在此基础上给出了合理的理论分析。研究结果表明：SiO2以15—45nm不等的粒度尺寸分散于BADCy大分子网络结构的空隙间，在网络中起着协同效应和增强增韧作用。纳米SiO2含量为2％-4％时增强增韧效果最佳。     

前驱体法制备Ta4HfC5超纯超细纳米粉体

利用实验室自制铪酸酯和钽酸酯为原料,经水解缩合后得到了含铪钽元素的聚合物PHT,引入酚醛(PF)作为C源,制备了Ta_4HfC_5前驱体,经固化、高温裂解后,获得了超纯超细Ta_4HfC_5纳米粉体。通过XRD、元素分析和SEM对不同工艺条件下陶瓷产物的晶相组成和微观形貌进行了表征;对陶瓷粉体进行了粒度分析。结果表明,合成的前驱体结构稳定,常温避光储存3个月后黏度几乎没有变化,对于复材加工的工艺适应性良好。在酚醛用量3.25 wt%(以PHT质量分数100%计算)、煅烧温度为1 450℃、保温时间为1.5 h的合成条件下,可以得到纯相的Ta_4HfC_5粉体,晶粒尺寸为25～50 nm,粒径分布在100～200 nm之间,Dv(50)=136 nm。