多频GNSS电离层折射误差修正方法CSCD

针对电离层折射误差较大的特点,分别对GPS(Global Positioning System)和BDS(Bei Dou Navigation Satellite System)的单一频率的电离层折射误差进行了分析,并将不同频率进行线性组合,计算出组合后的电离层折射误差。此方法修正了双频一阶项、三频一阶项和三频二阶项电离层折射误差。由于电离层延迟修正的同时会放大观测噪声,为此分析比较了不同频率组合修正后的观测噪声,为最佳频率组合的选取提供了理论方法。     

挠性空间飞行器姿态控制系统的时间域鲁棒稳定性分析

本文研究挠性空间飞行器姿态控制系统的时间域鲁棒稳定性分析,由于太阳帆板的转动和动量轮的转速变化,使飞行器的数学模型具有不确定性。这些不确定性可以归结为对动力学系统运动方程式的摄动。文中导出了鲁棒稳定性判据,并用算例说明其应用。     

带异步相关噪声的战斗机蛇形机动跟踪算法

针对异步相关噪声背景下战斗机蛇形机动模式转弯角速度辨识问题,考虑到目标状态与转弯角速度之间相互耦合的特性,从联合优化的解决思路出发,基于期望最大化（EM）算法框架,提出了一种带异步相关噪声的联合估计与辨识算法。首先采用"去相关框架"解除过程噪声与量测噪声之间的相关性,从而将异步相关噪声背景下的转弯角速度辨识问题转换成具有一步状态延迟的转弯角速度辨识问题,其次通过解除目标状态与转弯角速度之间的非线性耦合关系,基于期望最大化算法实现了战斗机蛇形机动目标状态与转弯角速度的联合估计与辨识,从而获得转弯角速度闭环形式的解析解：在E-step,通过利用异步相关噪声背景下的高阶容积卡尔曼平滑器（HCKS）,获得目标状态的后验估计;在M-step,通过极大化条件似然函数,获得转弯角速度的解析解。最后通过仿真验证了所提算法的目标状态估计与角速度辨识的精度均优越于传统的扩维法。     

基于样本熵的语音信号检测算法

船舶自身发出的巨大噪声,严重影响了通讯设备通讯端船舶工作者的正常语音交流和通讯,须要进行语音信号增强,将语音信号从背景噪声中检测分离出来。为此,文章在分析语音信号与船舶背景噪声信号时域序列复杂性基础上,提出基于信号序列样本熵的语音信号检测算法。该算法将含噪信号进行分帧后,首先计算每帧信号的样本熵,并根据自适应预设阈值对信号进行初始判断;然后,利用信号通常持续一定时间的连续性,对信号初始判断进行平滑,得到信号的最终判别类别,实现对语音信号的检测。经过大量实测实验数据的验证,环境噪声信号的辨别准确度为 90.33%,语音信号为 95.05%,该算法取得了较好的判别精度。     

Investigation of precursory phenomena in the ionosphere,atmosphere and groundwater before large earthquakes of M > 6.5

Precursory phenomena in the ionosphere, atmosphere and groundwater before large earthquakes (M > 6.5) are extensively investigated toward the earthquake prediction. Upward tornado type seismic clouds occurred near the epicenter associated with strong LF-VLF radio noises from lightning discharges in the evening of January 9, 1995 [Yamada, T., Oike, K. On the increase of electromagnetic noises before and after the 1995 Hyogo-Ken Nanbu earthquake. In: Hayakawa M. (Ed.), Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes. TERRAPUB, Tokyo, pp. 417–427, 1999] and anomalous foEs increases up to 10 MHz were detected at Shigaraki, 90 km of the epicenter and at Kokubunji, 500 km east of the epicenter [Ondoh, T. Anomalous sporadic-E layers observed before M7.2 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake; Terrestrial gas emanation model. Adv. Polar Upper Atmos. Res. 17, 96–108, 2003; Ondoh, T. Anomalous sporadic-E ionization before a great earthquake, Adv. Space Research 34, 1830–1835, 2004] associated with strong ELF noises from lightning discharges in the daytime on January 15, 1995 [Hata, M., Fujii, T., Takumi, I. EM precursor of large-scale earthquakes in Japan, in: Abstracts of International Workshop on Seismo Electromagnetics (IWSE 2005), Univ. Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan, March 15–17, pp. 182–186, 2005] before the M7.2 Hyogoken–Nanbu earthquake of January 17, 1995. The anomalous foEs increases occurred at epicentral distances within 500 km that are the same as those of the terrestrial gas emanations along active faults before large earthquakes [King, C.-Y. Gas geochemistry applied to earthquake prediction: An overview. J. Geophys. Res. 91(B12), 12269–12281, 1986]. The anomalous foEs increases seem to be a seismic precursor because geomagnetic and solar conditions were very quiet all day on January 15,1995 and the normal foEs in Japanese winter is below 6 MHz. No significant pre-seismic geomagnetic field variation was detected at epicentral distance of 100 km before this earthquake [Ondoh, T., Hayakawa, M. Anomalous occurrence of sporadic-E layers before the Hyogoken–Nanbu earthquake, M7.2 of January 17, 1995. In: Hayakawa, M. (Ed.), Atmospheric and Ionospheric Electromagnetic Phenomena Associated with Earthquakes, TERRAPUB, Tokyo, pp. 629–639, 1999; Ondoh, T., Hayakawa, M. Seismo discharge model of anomalous sporadic E ionization before great earthquakes. In: Hayakawa, M., O.A. Molchanov, (Eds.), Seismo Electromagnetics: Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere Couplings, TERRAPUB, Tokyo, pp. 385–390, 2002; Ondoh. T., Hayakawa, M. Synthetic study of precursory phenomena of the M7.2 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake. Phys. Chem. Earth 31, 378–388, 2006]. The foF2 decrease and h’F increase occurred before the M7.8 Hokkaido Nansei-Oki earthquake of July 12,1993 in a geomagnetic quiet period [Ondoh, T. Ionospheric disturbances associated with great earthquake of Hokkaido southwest coast, Japan of July 12, 1993. Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors. 105, 261–269, 1998; Ondoh, T. Seismo ionospheric phenomena. Adv. Space Res. 26, 8, 1267–1272, 2000]. Characteristic phase changes at terminator times of Omega 10.2 kHz waves passing 70 km of the epicenter extended toward darker local times by 1 h for 3 days before this earthquake due to lowering of the wave reflection height or ion density increases in the D region [Hayakawa, M., Molchanov, O. A., Ondoh, T., Kawai, E. The precursory signature effect of the Kobe earthquake on VLF subionospheric signals. J. Commun. Res. La., 43, 00. 169–180, 1996]. The radon concentration in the atmosphere over Ashiya fault, Kobe [Yasuoka, Y., Shinogi, M. Anomaly in atmospheric radon concentration: a possible precursor of the 1995 Kobe, Japan, earthquake. Health Phys. 72(5), 759–761, 1997] and in the groundwater at 17 m well in Nishinomiya, Japan [Igarashi, G., Saeki, S., Takahata, N., Sumikawa, K., Tasaki, S., Sasaki, Y., Takahashi, M., Sano, Y. Ground-water radon anomaly before the Kobe earthquake in Japan. Science 269, 60–61, 1995] had gradually increased since 2 months before the M7.2 earthquake, increased suddenly in December 1994, and rapidly returned to the normal low level of October, 1994 [Yasuoka, Y., Shinogi, M. 1997. Anomaly in atmospheric radon concentration: a possible precursor of the 1995 Kobe. Japan, earthquake. Health Phys. 72(5), 759–761.]. Radon concentration changes in the groundwater before the M 7.0 Izu-Oshima-kinkai earthquake, Japan on January 14, 1978 [Wakita, H., Nakamura, Y., Notsu, K., Noguchi, M., Asada, T. 1980. Radon anomaly: a possible precursor of the 1978 Izu-Oshima-kinkai earthquake. Science 207, 882–883] and the M6.8 Chengkung earthquake, Taiwan on December 10, 2003 [Kuo, T., Fan, K., Chen, W., Kuochen, H., Han, Y., Wang, C., Chang, T., Lee, Y. Radon anomaly at the Antung Hot Spring before the Taiwan M6.8 Chengkung earthquake. Proceedings, Thirty-First Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, January 30–February 1, 2006, SGP-TR-179, 2006] are also investigated to find common features of the groundwater radon concentration changes before large earthquakes (M > 6.5) in comparison with those before the M7.2 Hyogoken–Nanbu earthquake. Groundwater radon concentrations before the 3 large earthquakes had shown common characteristic changes of gradually initial ones from the normal level since about 2 months before the earthquake onsets, rapid decreases down to the minimum, and quick increases up to the maximum at 7–20 days before the earthquake onsets, respectively. These are very useful characteristics of pre-seismic radon anomaly for the earthquake prediction or warning. Promising observations toward the earthquake prediction are also discussed.     

Optimal robust non-fragile Kalman-type recursive filtering with finite-step autocorrelated noises and multiple packet dropouts

In this paper, the optimal robust non-fragile Kalman-type recursive filtering problem is studied for a class of uncertain systems with finite-step autocorrelated measurement noises and multiple packet dropouts. The system state, measurement output and filter parameters are all subject to stochastic uncertainties or multiplicative noises, where the measurement noises are finite-step autocorrelated. When there exist multiple packet dropouts in the system output, the original system is converted into an auxiliary stochastic uncertain system by the augmentation of system states and measurements. The process noises and measurement noises of the auxiliary system are shown to be finite-step autocorrelated and cross-correlated. Then, a robust non-fragile Kalman-type recursive filter is designed that is optimal in the minimum-variance sense. The proposed filter is not only robust against the uncertainties in the system model and measurement model, but also non-fragile against the implementation error with the filter parameters. Simulation results are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

子波变换平滑的混沌信号检测

将近几年兴起的子波变换、分形理论应用于带观测噪声混沌信号的检测。基于快速子波变换导出了平滑算子，将其对时序信号进行处理，并根据它在一定的尺度范围内具有标度不变的性质，利用改进的Ｇ－Ｐ算法计算其分数维数，对带有观测噪声的Ｌｏｒｅｎｚ吸引子波的混沌运动进行了检测。实验结果表明，该方法具有较好检测混沌现象的能力。     

基于乘性加扰的卫星信号遮蔽传输方案

针对卫星发送功率受限的情况,提出了一种卫星信号遮蔽传输的新方案。在卫星上,通过将待传输的业务信号与特别设计的非恒包络遮蔽信号相乘,隐藏了原业务信号的时频域特征。在授权地面站,利用遮蔽信号副本进行互相关时延估计并解遮蔽,从而恢复原业务信号。该方案具有不增加卫星的传输功耗、星上遮蔽运算复杂度低、传输安全性强等特点。此外,通过处理损耗、互信息等定量评价指标,分析了遮蔽方案的遮蔽性能。仿真实验表明,该遮蔽方案可以实现良好的时频域遮蔽效果。遮蔽后信号与原业务信号间的互信息结果表明：遮蔽后信号与原业务信号间相关性很弱,已基本掩盖原业务信号通信特征。在遮蔽信号与原业务信号带宽之比不小于0.3、信噪比不小于–4 dB的条件下,授权地面站解遮蔽的处理损耗可以控制在1 dB以内,具有良好的实用价值。     

水平集方法中速度停止项的改进

针对传统水平集算法只对含有加性噪声的图像有较好处理结果的缺点,对水平集函数的速度停止项进行了改进。首先,改进后的速度停止项可以通过自适应滤波来消除乘性噪声对水平集函数演化的影响;其次,提出了一种估计图像平滑区域的方法,以使水平集可以更准确的分割出图像中的目标;最后,再将该速度停止项带入到水平集演化方程中,对图像进行演化运算。实验结果表明,该方法能够在抑制乘性噪声的同时较好的对图像进行分割。     

考虑非高斯相关噪声的视线角速率提取算法

针对捷联导引头敏感信息存在非高斯噪声且状态噪声与观测噪声相关的问题,提出了修正球面坐标系下带有相关噪声解耦的扩展椭球集员滤波（ESMF）算法。首先,通过对弹目相对距离及其变化率的规范化处理,得到修正球面坐标系下的视线角速率提取模型;然后,利用相关噪声解耦方法去除观测方程中耦合的状态噪声项,基于泰勒级数展开推导了相关噪声解耦后的模型线性化表达式,得到包含线性化误差的虚拟噪声椭球集合,并根据最小迹和最小化尺度因子上界的优化方法得到状态更新与观测更新椭球,形成非高斯相关噪声解耦的扩展椭球集员滤波算法。仿真结果表明,所提算法能够在考虑非高斯相关噪声的情况下,实现捷联导引头视线角速率的高精度提取。