微型飞机及其研制的关键技术

微型飞机作为一种新概念的航空器,有着广泛的功能和用途,它的研究面临诸多新技术开发的挑战,本文介绍了与微型飞机设计和其性能有关的一些问题,并进行了深入的探讨,反映了微型飞机研究的新动态。     

以“三包”信息为依据的汽车产品可靠性评估

提出了以“三包”信息为依据的汽车产品可靠性指标ＭＴＢＦ的评估方法。该方法充分利用目前已存在的“三角”信息，与利用可靠性试验进行评估的传统方法相比，可节省大量昂贵的费用；可节省大量试验时间；可定期进行可靠性评估，从而对配套产品提出及时有效的监控，为可靠性管理提供强有力的量化依据。     

大比例尺地图图幅编号的计算

根据飞行任务和航行情报工作的需要,在需使用大比例尺地图时,必须知道所在地点大比例尺地图的图幅编号。为迅速、准确地算出大比例尺地图的图幅编号,本文介绍了一种运用公式计算的新方法。计算结果,经验证无误。     

飞船高超声速粘性绕流的数值模拟

本文采用稳式ＮＮＤ格式，通过求解三维薄层近似Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程，数值模拟了飞船高超声速粘性流场。在计算中充分考虑了网格雷诺数和网格分布对计算结果的影响，不但得到了满意的表面压力、热流分布和流场的物理量分布，而且得到与实验观察一致的表面油流图像和分离结构。     

双盘转子系统动力特性分析及优化设计

为了减小双盘转子系统的整体振动,对居中盘位置进行了优化。建立了带悬臂和居中双盘转子系统的八自由度力学模型和运动微分方程,利用Simulink动态仿真系统计算了加速情况下的转子瞬态响应以及双盘转子系统稳态响应的轴心轨迹,分析研究了转速、两盘偏心及其相位角、两盘质量比等对系统响应的影响。利用多学科设计优化软件Isight,采用最优拉丁超立方设计(Optimal Latin Hypercube Design,Opt.LHD)算法和多岛遗传算法(Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm),以双盘扰度均最小为优化目标,以居中盘的位置为优化变量进行了优化,优化后悬臂盘的扰度下降44.6%,居中盘的扰度下降79.9%。     

A memetic algorithm for path planning of curvature-constrained UAVs performing surveillance of multiple ground targets

The problem of generating optimal paths for curvature-constrained unmanned aerial vehicles （UAVs） performing surveillance of multiple ground targets is addressed in this paper. UAVs are modeled as Dubins vehicles so that the constraints of UAVs＇ minimal turning radius can be taken into account. In view of the effective surveillance range of the sensors equipped on UAVs, the problem is formulated as a Dubins traveling salesman problem with neighborhood （DTSPN）. Considering its prohibitively high computational complexity, the Dubins paths in the sense of terminal heading relaxation are introduced to simplify the calculation of the Dubins distance, and a boundary-based encoding scheme is proposed to determine the visiting point of every target neighborhood. Then, an evolutionary algorithm is used to derive the optimal Dubins tour. To further enhance the quality of the solutions, a local search strategy based on approximate gradient is employed to improve the visiting points of target neighborhoods. Finally, by a minor modification to the individual encoding, the algorithm is easily extended to deal with other two more sophisticated DTSPN variants （multi-UAV scenario and multiple groups of targets scenario）. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated through comparative experiments with other two state-of-the-art DTSPN algorithms identified in literature. Numerical simulations exhibit that the algorithm proposed in this paper can find high-quality solutions to the DTSPN with lower computational cost and produce significantly improved performance over the other algorithms.     

Testability evaluation using prior information of multiple sources

Testability plays an important role in improving the readiness and decreasing the lifecycle cost of equipment. Testability demonstration and evaluation is of significance in measuring such testability indexes as fault detection rate（FDR） and fault isolation rate（FIR）, which is useful to the producer in mastering the testability level and improving the testability design, and helpful to the consumer in making purchase decisions. Aiming at the problems with a small sample of testability demonstration test data（TDTD） such as low evaluation confidence and inaccurate result, a testability evaluation method is proposed based on the prior information of multiple sources and Bayes theory. Firstly, the types of prior information are analyzed. The maximum entropy method is applied to the prior information with the mean and interval estimate forms on the testability index to obtain the parameters of prior probability density function（PDF）, and the empirical Bayesian method is used to get the parameters for the prior information with a success-fail form. Then, a parametrical data consistency check method is used to check the compatibility between all the sources of prior information and TDTD. For the prior information to pass the check, the prior credibility is calculated. A mixed prior distribution is formed based on the prior PDFs and the corresponding credibility. The Bayesian posterior distribution model is acquired with the mixed prior distribution and TDTD, based on which the point and interval estimates are calculated.Finally, examples of a flying control system are used to verify the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective.     

第一视角飞行模式设计与无人机着陆试验研究

设计了一种第一视角飞行模式,同时观察图像与导航数据来控制无人机飞行并实现着陆.第一视角飞行是一种基于无人机上加装无线图像传输设备,在地面看屏幕操控无人机的操作模式.无人机操纵员通过观察前视探测器拍摄的图像和导航数据控制遥控器,地面控制站捕捉遥控器的输出信号并把该信号通过数据链传至机载飞控系统,从而实现对无人机的控制.该飞行模式的实现,提高了无人机飞行的机动性,突破了小型无人机只能在本场着陆的限制,使无人机可以在远离本场情况下安全着陆.     

无人机中继平台覆盖区域统计模型简

 针对中继信号覆盖区域确定性模型没有考虑信道随机衰落影响的问题,提出了一种基于中断概率的无人机（UAVs）中继平台信号覆盖半径统计模型。通过将中继链路建模为包含路径损耗、阴影衰落和多径衰落的复合分布模型,推导获得中继信号覆盖半径的概率分布,并给出一种利用中断概率数值求解覆盖半径的方法。仿真结果表明,信道衰落对覆盖半径影响非常大,当中断概率小于10%时,覆盖半径仅为无衰落信道时的一半。研究结果对移动自组织网络（MANETs）中的中继网络的无人机最优布置、飞行策略以及网络性能评估等具有重要的参考价值。     

航空子母弹时序抛撒散布效果数值仿真(英文)

对采用时序抛撒的航空子母弹工作过程、子弹外弹道初始条件、落点散布模型进行了探讨,建立了时序抛撒外弹道初始条件模型和落点散布模型,并进行了数值仿真。根据仿真结果分析了影响落点散布的主要因素,验证了时序抛撒对改善散布效果的可行性。采用时序抛撒,并通过优化各空投参数,可使系统达到更佳的作战效能,而且可为时序抛撒机构结构设计、结构优化及散布效果分析提供理论指导。