临近空间大气压力传感器现场校准装置研究

本文针对临近空间大气压力传感器现场校准需求,介绍了临近空间大气压力传感器现场校准装置工作原理, 进行理论分析与仿真,提出需突破的关键技术,给出了不确定度预估。     

航空用燃气发生器和高温放气阀的设计原则及试验

分析了燃气发生器和高温放气阀的作用及必要性,阐述了两者的设计思路,提出了有关的设计原则,并根据该原则设计研制出了满足技术指标的燃气发生器和高温放气阀.对两者进行一系列试验,验证了设计原则的正确性.结果表明:燃气发生器在最小空气流量为0.025kg/s,最高燃气工作温度为950℃,燃气温度波动范围为±10℃,实现稳定工作;高温放气阀在1200℃时能实现不漏气、灵活可靠的工作.上述技术指标均高于我国目前地面上使用的、车用的同类试验设备.利用该两项试验设备,可准确、完整地得到涡轮增压器特性,为实现航空活塞发动机的优良高空性能提供了依据.      

Optimal two-impulse rendezvous with terminal tangent burn considering the trajectory constraints

The two-impulse orbital rendezvous problem with a terminal tangent burn between coplanar elliptical orbits is studied by considering a lower bound on perigee radius and an upper bound on apogee radius for the transfer orbit. This problem requires that two spacecraft arrive at the rendezvous point with the same arrival flight-path angle after the same flight time. The admissible range of the final true anomaly that meets the perigee and apogee constraints is obtained in closed form. The revolution number of the transfer orbit is expressed as a function of the true anomaly and the revolution numbers of the initial and final orbits. All the feasible solutions are obtained with a bound on the revolution number of the final orbit. Then, the minimum-fuel one is determined by comparing their costs. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to obtain all the feasible solutions for given initial impulse points and the optimal solution with the initial coasting arc. Numerical results show that the minimum-fuel solution for the terminal tangent burn rendezvous is close to that for the cotangent rendezvous when the rendezvous time is long enough; however, the cotangent rendezvous may not exist when the rendezvous time is short.     

有翼再入飞行器的超/高超声速气动力工程方法

有翼再入飞行器气动力的工程计算方法尚有待进一步完善,计算精度有待进一步提高。文章根据有翼再入飞行器的气动布局特点,改进和发展了一套适于其气动布局的部件划分策略和压强计算选取准则。以此对航天飞机轨道器和类X-34飞行器的纵向气动力特性进行工程计算,并与其风洞试验和数值模拟结果进行对比分析。结果表明,文中的工程计算方法在马赫数3以上的超/高超声速范围内可准确预测有翼再入飞行器的升阻特性,其中升力系数和阻力系数误差小于10%;并可准确预测俯仰力矩特性随迎角改变的变化规律。与现有方法相比,文中的部件划分策略和压强计算选取准则在升阻特性精度相当情况下,可明显提高俯仰力矩的预测精度,并反映飞行器表面的压强分布特征。     

新能源汽车电机发展趋势及测试评价研究

为缓解能源短缺与环境污染问题,新能源汽车得到了迅速发展、推广,并成为当今汽车产业的重要研究方向。以新能源汽车电机的种类及国内外新能源汽车电机选型应用情况出发,对新能源汽车电机的发展趋势和对评价有关的测试项目作了分析研究。     

Adaptive robust cubature Kalman filtering for satellite attitude estimation

This paper is concerned with the adaptive robust cubature Kalman filtering problem for the case that the dynamics model error and the measurement model error exist simultaneously in the satellite attitude estimation system. By using Hubel-based robust filtering methodology to correct the measurement covariance formulation of cubature Kalman filter, the proposed filtering algorithm could effectively suppress the measurement model error. To further enhance this effect and reduce the impact of the dynamics model error, two different adaptively robust filtering algorithms, one with the optimal adaptive factor based on the estimated covariance matrix of the predicted residuals and the other with multiple fading factors based on strong tracking algorithm, are developed and applied for the satellite attitude estimation. The quaternion is employed to represent the global attitude parameter, and three-dimensional generalized Rodrigues parameters are introduced to define the local attitude error. A multiplicative quaternion error is derived from the local attitude error to maintain quaternion normalization constraint in the filter. Simulation results indicate that the proposed novel algorithm could exhibit higher accuracy and faster convergence compared with the multiplicative extended Kalman filter, the unscented quaternion estimator, and the adaptive robust unscented Kalman filter.     

"人在回路"无人飞艇半实物仿真系统设计与实现

为开展某型无人飞艇系统的地面集成及飞行仿真试验,基于VxWorks实时操作系统、Matlab/Simulink和RTW(Real Time Workshop)快速原型建模仿真软件、FUTABA数据采集系统和三维视景系统,开发了具有高精度、高实时性的半实物仿真平台以及仿真软件.该系统的最大创新点是加入了FUTABA遥控设备以及PWM(Pulse Width Modulation)/RS-422的信号转换模块,从而将飞行员的视觉感受及操纵输出接入到仿真回路中,实现了在全遥控、半自主和自主3种模式下的"人在回路"仿真.仿真试验结果表明:"人在回路"的飞行仿真试验可验证控制律的3种模式切换功能以及姿态、航迹控制效果,提高了飞行员对该型飞行器的操纵熟练程度,可以实现在应急情况下直接控制无人飞艇平稳着陆.      

Prospects of sea launches for Chinese cryogenic liquid-fueled medium-lift launch vehicles

This paper introduces the sea-launch technology of a cryogenic liquid-fueled medium-lift rocket. It first reviews the current state of sea launch technology, and then gives a brief introduction of China’s New Generation Medium-lift Launch Vehicle (NGMLV). The innovations in the NGMVL, such as responsive test and launch control, a H³ launch model, and unmanned operations, provide convenience for sea launches. Based on these innovations, this paper proposes a sea launch scheme, including the system configuration, test and launch processes, and an improved adaptive design for the rocket. Then, the launch platform is discussed in detail, which integrates the functions of sea transportation, assembly and test, as well as technical and launch areas. The layout and function divisions, fluid filling, gas supply and distribution systems, and lossless storage technology of LH2 are described in order. This breakthrough in sea launch technology will enable China to launch medium and large satellites and constellations ‘both on land and sea’, especially into low-inclination Low-Earth Orbits (LEOs), and it allows China to remain competitive in the fast-paced space industry.     

A fatigue damage-cumulative model in peridynamics

While the present structural integrity evaluation method is based on the philosophy of assumed similitude, Fatigue and Damage Tolerance (F&DT) evaluations for next generation of air-vehicles require high-fidelity physical models within cyberspace. To serve the needs of F&DT evaluation in digital twin paradigm, a fatigue damage-cumulative model within peridynamic framework is proposed in this paper. Based on the concept of fatigue element block and damage accumulation law in form of Coffin-Manson relationship, the proposed model applies to both fatigue crack initiation and fatigue crack growth; fatigue crack growth rates under constant-amplitude and simple variable-amplitude block loading cases can be well predicted for three common structural materials without inputs of Paris law parameters. Additionally, the proposed model can also be easily extended to a probabilistic version; for verification, multiple-site-damage problems are simulated and the statistic nature of fatigue process in experiments can be well captured. In the end, main features of the proposed model are summarized, and distinctions from the other models are discussed. There may be a potential for the peridynamic damage-cumulative model proposed in this work to numerically predict fatigue problems in digital twin paradigm for future generations of aerospace vehicles.