低前挡板型小尺寸刷式封严泄漏特性的试验

对间隙、过渡、过盈3种配合状态的低前挡板型小尺寸刷式封严的转子轴心轨迹和泄漏特性进行了实验研究.转子的轴心位移采用电涡流传感器进行测量,其测量结果表明:压差小于0.4MPa时,转子轴心位移随压差的增大略有减小;当压差达到0.4MPa后,其轴心位移范围不再随压差而变化;在不考虑磨损的情况下轴心位移对不同配合状态的封严泄漏特性基本没有影响.由此确保了封严试验台的安全性和有效性.在此基础上,试验研究了转子转速、上下游压差以及封严间隙对泄漏特性的影响.结果表明:泄漏系数随转速增加略有减小;间隙配合下有明显的滞后,过盈配合下滞后不明显;磨损对泄漏的影响在过盈配合下比较显著;间隙配合下压差在0.1～0.2MPa泄漏系数随压差的升高而增大,压差为0.3MPa时泄漏系数降低,0.3MPa以后泄漏系数变化趋于稳定;过盈配合下泄漏系数随压差的升高总体呈增大趋势,压差在0.3～0.5MPa时增大的趋势较小,泄漏系数较为稳定.      

嫦娥二号卫星技术特点分析

嫦娥二号卫星是我国的第二颗月球探测器,作为探月工程二期的先导星进行飞行试验,并试验探月工程二期的部分关键技术,以深化月球科学探测。文章介绍了嫦娥二号卫星在轨道设计、高灵敏度X频段深空应答机等6方面的技术特点及解决措施。     

一种海洋测高卫星质心在轨估计算法

为了满足海洋测高卫星在轨质心位置精度的要求,提出了一种使用陀螺仪测量数据在轨估算卫星质心位置的算法。该算法利用推力器工作产生外力矩,采用总体最小二乘法,综合考虑了实际推力器推力的误差及陀螺仪的测量误差,由卫星的姿态动力学方程估算得到卫星质心位置。数值仿真证明了该算法的有效性,结果表明质心位置的估计精度在毫米量级,可以满足海洋测高卫星对质心位置精度的需求。     

刍议军人婚姻保护

经济、社会的发展和多元化,使军人婚姻和家庭稳定面对越来越多的现实挑战,这直接关系和影响到部队日常训练和作战能力。因此,加强和完善必要的法律和措施,切实保护军人在婚姻家庭方面的合法权益对于稳定部队、提升部队作战能力有着重要的现实意义。本文主要从军婚概念的界定、军婚现状及保护军婚的意义、措施方面入手,对这一问题进行分析和探讨。     

零电流零电压开关PWM Boost全桥变换器

提出一种新颖的零电流零电压开关PWM Boost全桥变换器。超前管串联电感，并利用输出滤波电容的能量，可以在很宽的负载范围内实现ZCS。滞后管利用其寄生电容和与变压器原边并联的辅助电感，可以在任何负载下实现ZVS。与ZCS PWM Boost全桥变换器相比，所提出的变换器没有电流占空比丢失的问题。本文详细分析了该变换器的工作原理，参数设计原则。通过一个480W的原理样机，验证了分析结果。     

可靠性工程的若干方向

本文对可靠性工程的一些重要方向的研究情况进行了扼要的介绍与评述。这些方向包括复杂系统的可靠性综合，可靠性变动统计学，低可靠元件组成高可靠系统，含增长单元的复杂系统的可靠性综合．加速寿命试验，加速可靠性增长试验，产品寿命预测及发动机可靠性评估。     

Linear stability of ring systems around oblate central masses

In this paper, we consider the stability of a ring of bodies of equal mass uniformly distributed around a large oblate central mass. The purpose of this and previous papers is to shed light on the stability of Saturn’s rings. Previous papers have been limited by the assumptions that (1) all ring bodies are at the same distance from the central body, (2) the central body acts like a point mass (i.e., is a perfect sphere), and (3) the ring bodies all have the same mass and are evenly spaced around the ring. The third limitation is probably the least important; as long as there are a large number of masses and the mass distribution is approximately uniform then the system should behave as a system of equally-spaced, equal-mass bodies. The first main purpose of this paper is to remove the second limitation. But, the paper also aims to address limitation (1). Recent computer simulations of single-ring systems have shown that the threshold for stability, as determined by a linear stability analysis, matches precisely the stability threshold predicted by simulation. In other words, a linear stability analysis while presumably just a mathematical abstraction actually tells us something quite real. Furthermore, simulations of multi-ring systems suggest that instability comes from azimuthal perturbations; small azimuthal changes are more destabilizing that small radial perturbations. Hence, in this paper, we also consider the situation where the central body consists not just of an oblate central mass but also incorporates a flat ring representing in aggregate all ring bodies at radii other than the one under consideration. The central oblate body together with a flat ring is modeled simply by introducing two oblateness terms to the gravitational potential associated with the central mass. The subsequent analysis is almost identical to the case of a single oblateness term. For Saturn, the oblateness of the central mass is six orders of magnitude more significant than the rings at other radii as a destabilizing influence.     

Broad-search algorithms for the spacecraft trajectory design of Callisto–Ganymede–Io triple flyby sequences from 2024 to 2040, Part I: Heuristic pruning of the search space

Triple flybys of the Galilean moons of Jupiter can capture a spacecraft into orbit about Jupiter or quickly adjust the Jupiter-centered orbit of an already captured spacecraft. Because Callisto does not participate in the Laplace resonance among Ganymede, Europa, and Io, triple flyby sequences involving gravity-assists of Callisto, Ganymede, and Io occur only aperiodically for limited time windows. An exhaustive search of triple-flyby trajectories over a 16-year period from 2024 to 2040 using “blind” searching would require 8,415,358 Lambert function calls to find only 127,289 possible triple flyby trajectories. Because most of these Lambert function calls would not converge to feasible solutions, it is much more efficient to prune the solution space using a heuristic algorithm and then direct a much smaller number of Lambert function calls to find feasible triple flyby solutions. The novel “Phase Angle Pruning Heuristic” is derived and used to reduce the search space by 99%.     

Response of photosynthetic systems to salinity stress in the desert cyanobacterium Scytonema javanicum

The present study investigated the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Scytonema javanicum, a pioneer species isolated from desert biological crusts, under salinity stress. Pigment analysis showed that salinity decreased chlorophyll a and phycocyanin content, while low salinity increased carotenoid concentration and high salinity decreased carotenoid concentration. Salinity also inhibited CO₂ assimilation rate and photosynthetic oxygen evolution in this cyanobacterium. Chlorophyll a fluorescence transient parameters (φPo, φEo, ψO, RC/ABS, RC/CS, PI_ABS, and PI_CS) were decreased under salt stress, while dVo/dto(Mo), Vj and φDo were increased. The decrease of ETRmax and Yield and the change of chlorophyll a fluorescence transients showed that salt stress had an important influence on photosynthesis. These results indicated that the effects of salinity stress on photosynthesis in S. javanicum may depend on the inhibition of electron transport and the inactivation of the reaction centers, but this inhibition may occur in the electron transport pathway at the PSII donor and acceptor sites.     

基于解析梯度的经典Lambert问题迭代求解方法

针对现有求解模型复杂、收敛速度慢等问题,在将经典Lambert转移问题转化为超越方程的基础上,提出一种基于解析梯度的Lambert问题迭代求解算法。选择转移轨道的真近点角为迭代变量,导出转移时间关于真近点角的解析梯度,构造一种基于解析梯度的牛顿迭代算法,降低了算法计算复杂度。理论分析表明该算法具有二阶以上的收敛速度。依据偏心率向量与转移轨道形状的关系,通过几何方法分析得到转移轨道在初始位置处的速度约束条件,推导转移轨道真近点角的最大值和最小值的解析表达式,并采用线性插值方法确定迭代初值,进一步提高了迭代算法的收敛速度。数学仿真结果表明在各种转移条件下算法均能快速收敛,采用所给出的初值选取方法初值确定精度高,进而能够加快收敛速度,而与较割线法相比较收敛速度快、计算量小,验证了所提出算法的有效性。