月面热环境的反演研究

以嫦娥三号巡视器月面日食期间非稳态的温度遥测数据为基础,通过建立月壤及巡视器的传热模型,反演了日食期间月面温度的变化,并给出了符合巡视器温度遥测的月壤热物性参数取值范围。在此基础上,对月面热环境进行了分析研究。结果表明,本文反演的月壤平均导热系数大于常见取值,而比热却明显小于常见取值。采用反演的热物性值计算的月表温度与之前认识相符,但对月壤内部热环境有新发现,其温度梯度相对减小而恒温层厚度则明显增大。     

欧美军用直升机技术发展研究

首先简要介绍了第49届巴黎航展的基本情况,然后对欧美军用直升机的发展趋势和技术特点进行了较为深入的分析,阐述了军用直升机在海上多样化行动中的作用,最后给出了几点启示。     

嫦娥五号探测器自主着陆视觉避障方法与评价

对嫦娥五号探测器的视觉自主避障系统组成、方案及原理进行介绍。采用光学粗避障加激光精避障的两级接力避障模式,在光学粗避障阶段利用K均值聚类对图像障碍进行分割,对分割结果采用Delaunay三角剖分,并设计安全系数评价方法选择安全落点;在激光精避障阶段提出概率模型评价点云所示区域的着陆安全性。对两级避障的在轨图像利用上述方法进行仿真分析,并对着陆区域的安全性进行评价。结果显示两级避障均合理有效。     

Inter-satellite calibration of FengYun 3 medium energy electron fluxes with POES electron measurements

We perform an L-shell dependent inter-satellite calibration of FengYun 3 medium energy electron measurements with POES measurements based on rough orbital conjunctions within 5?min?×?0.1?L?×?0.5 MLT. By comparing electron flux data between the U.S. Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) and Chinese sun-synchronous satellites including FY-3B and FY-3C for a whole year of 2014, we attempt to remove less reliable data and evaluate systematic uncertainties associated with the FY-3B and FY-3C datasets, expecting to quantify the inter-satellite calibration factors for the 150–350?keV energy channel at L?=?2–7. Compared to the POES data, the FY-3B and FY-3C data generally exhibit a similar trend of electron flux variations but more or less underestimate them within a factor of 5 for the medium electron energy 150–350?keV channel. Good consistency in the flux conjunctions after the inter-calibration procedures gives us certain confidence to generalize our method to calibrate electron flux measurements from various satellite instruments.     

低Re对某小型涡扇发动机性能影响

低雷诺数问题是影响高空长航时无人驾驶飞机的动力装置性能的关键因素之一.定量分析了低雷诺数效应对某小型大涵道比涡扇发动机性能的影响.当雷诺数减小到一定程度后,各部件的性能将发生改变.在发动机整机环境下,增压级和低压涡轮的进口叶弦雷诺数相对更低,受飞行高度和速度的影响也更大.在发动机共同工作条件的作用下,各部件的匹配关系将发生变化,除部件效率的降低以外,部件流通能力的衰减也引起发动机性能的降低.涡轮前温度的限制将使发动机转子转速下降,低雷诺数效应加剧,从而导致发动机性能的进一步降低,推力迅速减小,但发动机涵道比的增加可以减小因部件性能衰退引起的耗油率上升的趋势.     

Pressure,O2, and CO2, in aquatic Closed Ecological Systems

Pressure increased during net photosynthetic O₂ production in the light and decreased during respiratory O₂ uptake during the dark in aquatic Closed Ecological Systems (CESs) with small head gas volumes. Because most CO₂ will be in the liquid phase as bicarbonate and carbonate anions, and CO₂ is more soluble than O₂, volumes of gaseous CO₂ and gaseous O₂ will not change in a compensatory manner, leading to the development of pressure. Pressure increases were greatest with nutrient rich medium with NaHCO₃ as the carbon source. With more dilute media, pressure was greatest with NaHCO₃, and less with cellulose or no-added carbon. Without adequate turbulence, pressure measurements lagged dissolved O₂ concentrations by several hours and dark respiration would have been especially underestimated in our systems (250–1000 ml). With adequate turbulence (rotary shaker), pressure measurements and dissolved O₂ concentrations generally agreed during lights on/off cycles, but O₂ measurements provided more detail. At 20 °C, 29.9 times as much O₂ will distribute into the gas phase as in the liquid, per unit volume, as a result of the limited solubility of O₂ in water and according to Henry’s Law. Thus even a small head gas volume can contain more O₂ than a larger volume of water. When both dissolved and gaseous O₂ and CO₂ are summed, the changes in Total O₂ and CO₂ are in relatively close agreement when NaHCO₃ is the carbon source. These findings disprove an assumption made in some of Taub’s earlier research that aquatic CESs would remain at approximately atmospheric pressure because approximately equal molar quantities of O₂ and CO₂ would exchange during photosynthesis and respiration; this assumption neglected the distribution of O₂ between water and gas phases. High pressures can occur when NaHCO₃ is the carbon source in nutrient rich media and if head-gas volumes are small relative to the liquid volume; e.g., one “worse case” condition developed 800 mm Hg above atmospheric pressure and broke the glass container. Plastic screw cap closures are likely to leak at high pressures and should not be assumed to seal unless tested at appropriate pressures. Pressure can be reduced by having larger head-gas volumes and using less concentrated nutrient solutions. It is important that pressure changes be considered for both safety and closure, and if total O₂ is used as the measure of net photosynthesis and respiration, the O₂ in the gas phase must be added to the dissolved O₂.     

The effect of collisions in ionogram inversion

The results of this paper demonstrate that the effect of collisions on the group refraction index is small, when the ordinary ray is considered. If, however, in order to improve the performance of a system for automatic interpretation of ionograms, the information contained in ordinary and extraordinary traces is combined, the effect of collisions between the electrons and neutral molecules should be taken into account for the extraordinary ray. The magnitude of these differences is generally very small and must be compared with the resolution in the virtual vertical height of the ionosonde, resolution which is typically of the order of few kilometers.     

α–ω Effect and peculiarities of the 27-day variations of the galactic cosmic rays intensity,solar wind and solar activity parameters

We show that the amplitudes of the 27-day variations of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity, solar wind and solar activity parameters have a periodicity with duration of three to four Carrington rotation periods (3–4 CRP). We assume that the general reason for this phenomenon may be related to similar cyclicity of topological structure of the solar magnetic field lines created owing to the asymmetry of turbulent solar dynamo and solar differential rotation transforming the Sun’s poloidal magnetic field to the toroidal (α–ω effect), and vice versa.     

Latitudinal features of Total Electron Content over the African and European longitude sector following the St. Patrick’s day storm of 2015

GNSS TEC values have been obtained from 18 stations distributed from the magnetic equator to nearly 80°N magnetic dip in the African and west-European longitude sector corresponding to the March 17–18, 2015 geomagnetic storm. Significantly depleted ionosphere have been observed at stations north of 50°N geographic on March 18, 2015 following the above storm over a longitude swath 11.9°–21°E covering the Eastern Africa and Western European longitude sector. High ROTI values were noted on March 17^th at locations around 80°N magnetic dip. Two prominent peaks in PCN were noted around 09:00 UT and 14:00 UT on March 17, 2015 and around 15:00 UT on March 18, 2015. Daytime thermospheric (O/N₂) ratio was markedly less on March 18th at latitudes above 60°N geographic which is suggested to be the major driver behind depleted high latitude ionosphere during the recovery phase of the storm on March 18, 2015.     

一类有理函数的不定积分

目的为了简单地求解有理函数P(x)/Q(x)的积分;方法对∫P(x)/(x-a)mdx∫,P(x)/(x-a)m(x-b)ndx型有理函数的积分给出一般计算公式;结果通过实例说明该公式简捷、对称,避免以往待定系数法带来的诸多不便;结论具有较强的实用性。