The Radio Observatory on the Lunar Surface for Solar studies

The Radio Observatory on the Lunar Surface for Solar studies (ROLSS) is a concept for a near-side low radio frequency imaging interferometric array designed to study particle acceleration at the Sun and in the inner heliosphere. The prime science mission is to image the radio emission generated by Type II and III solar radio burst processes with the aim of determining the sites at and mechanisms by which the radiating particles are accelerated. Specific questions to be addressed include the following: (1) Isolating the sites of electron acceleration responsible for Type II and III solar radio bursts during coronal mass ejections (CMEs); and (2) Determining if and the mechanism(s) by which multiple, successive CMEs produce unusually efficient particle acceleration and intense radio emission. Secondary science goals include constraining the density of the lunar ionosphere by searching for a low radio frequency cutoff to solar radio emission and constraining the low energy electron population in astrophysical sources. Key design requirements on ROLSS include the operational frequency and angular resolution. The electron densities in the solar corona and inner heliosphere are such that the relevant emission occurs at frequencies below 10 MHz. Second, resolving the potential sites of particle acceleration requires an instrument with an angular resolution of at least 2°, equivalent to a linear array size of approximately 1000 m. Operations would consist of data acquisition during the lunar day, with regular data downlinks. No operations would occur during lunar night.     

月球表面太空风化作用及其效应

太空风化作用普遍发生在月球、小行星等一些无大气层的天体表面, 主要包括太阳风离子辐射和微陨石撞击等作用. 通过对真实月球样品太空风化作用的研究成果以及低能离子和激光照射等地面模拟实验结果的系统综述和分析, 重点分析了月壤颗粒中非晶质层和纳米铁的成因, 指出太空风化研究中存在的太阳风离子辐射和微陨石撞击贡献难以区分及模拟实验模拟效果尚不充分的问题.进而提出月球太空风化研究不能简单套用其他天体的模型, 并建议未来开展更多月球和陨石样品的精细化学分析.      

敏捷成像卫星多星密集任务调度方法

 面向应急观测需求,对敏捷成像卫星多星密集点目标观测任务调度问题进行研究。针对敏捷成像卫星观测特点,综合考虑卫星可观测时间窗口、任务间卫星姿态调整时间、卫星最长连续工作时间、星上存储容量、卫星能量等约束,建立多星任务调度模型。提出了一种改进的蚁群优化(ACO)算法对调度模型进行求解。该算法借鉴了蚁群系统(ACS)和最大最小蚂蚁系统(MMAS)的思想,结合调度相关约束设计寻优策略和信息素更新策略。引入任务优先级、最早及最晚可观测时间等因素来控制转移概率。仿真结果验证了模型和算法的有效性。     

基于显式制导的月地返回轨道中途修正研究

月地返回轨道存在各种摄动误差,终端约束复杂,有必要对其进行中途修正研究。显式制导法通过二体轨道与精确轨道之间的差别进行多次迭代求解给定时刻所需的修正速度。文章利用显式制导法,采用月球段及地球段分段进行中途修正的策略,给出了基于分段落点预报显式制导的月地返回轨道中途修正方案。该方案无需计算雅克比矩阵,算法简单、计算快速、实用性强,能满足再入点参数要求。算例仿真与蒙特卡洛仿真验证了该方案的适用性。     

Lunar apex–antapex cratering asymmetry as an impactor recorder in the Earth–Moon system

The degree of apex–antapex cratering asymmetry of a synchronously rotating satellite primarily depends on the mean encounter velocity of impactors with respect to the planetary system and the orbital velocity of the satellite. This means that we can estimate the mean encounter velocity of impactors by observing the apex–antapex cratering asymmetry, if the relationship between these is known. To apply this technique to the Moon, we attempt to derive the relationship between the mean encounter velocity of impactors and the degree of the lunar cratering asymmetry as a function of time, considering the temporal variation in the lunar orbital velocity during the last 4.0 Gyr. We used the cratering asymmetry of Zahnle et al. [Zahnle, K., Schenk, P., Sobieszczyk, S. et al. Differential cratering of synchronously rotating satellites by ecliptic comets. Icarus 153, 111–129, 2001] to obtain the relationship. Applying this relationship enables us to estimate the impactor’s velocity of the Earth–Moon system from an investigation of the spatial distribution of lunar craters. Furthermore, we re-evaluate the cratering asymmetry’s influence on lunar cratering chronology.     

A flow sheet for the conversion of lunar regolith using fluorine gas

This work reviews and expands upon the previous fluorination processes for in situ production of oxygen and silicon from lunar regolith. The process units were simulated and a flow sheet was developed to determine the product distribution and energy requirements. Our results show that 0.21 kg silicon and 0.32 kg oxygen can be produced per kg regolith processed with a total cooling duty of 17 MJ/kg regolith and electrical duty of 29 MJ/kg regolith. The payload mass required for the process is estimated as 16 kg/kg regolith processed per day.     

基于改进的蚁群算法的亚轨道再入飞行器弹道优化

基于阻力与能量再入导引律,用改进的蚁群算法优化SLV再入阻力-能量关系剖面,其优化的性能指标为总吸热量最小,并采用LQR法跟踪参考弹道.仿真结果表明,优化方法简便易行,跟踪器性能良好.     

21世纪国外深空探测发展计划及进展

21世纪初期,国外深空探测计划层出不穷,各类深空探测器不断升空。文章主要概述新世纪各航天国家或地区的深空探测计划,并分别论述对月球、火星和其他行星以及小天体的探测计划及其进展,最后进行综合分析研究。     

小生境多目标蚁群算法在飞行器总体设计中的应用

飞行器总体设计直接影响飞行器的战术技术指标,往往需要反复很多次的设计过程以确定最终设计方案,因此迫切需要研究并采用优化方法以快速获得性能较优的飞行器总体方案。蚁群算法是群智能算法的典型代表之一,本文针对飞行器总体设计中的多目标优化问题,以多目标蚁群算法为基础,引入小生境技术,提出小生境多目标蚁群算法,并以某飞行器为应用对象,对其进行了多目标优化设计,最后对优化结果进行了分析。     

月球详查探测的载荷配置分析

在对地外天体进行着陆/巡视探测前,一般都需要进行环绕详查探测,对期望的着陆区域进行详细的地形、地貌勘察,为后续着陆探测器的安全着陆提高安全系数,同时也可以帮助选择具有较高科学考察价值的着陆点。文章对月球详查探测器的载荷配置特点进行了分析,提出了我国月球详查探测器载荷配置方式的建议。