NC/NG共混体系的塑化行为

为了解硝化纤维素(NC)/硝化甘油(NG)塑化行为的实质,用动态流变学方法和红外光谱法对其塑化行为的宏观性质表现进行测量,并在此基础上通过分子动力学模拟揭示NC在塑化过程中的微观结构变化.结果表明,NC/NG共混体系的储能模量(G′)和损耗模量(G＂)随塑化时间逐渐增大,且G′逐渐接近并超过G”,二者最终趋于稳定,此过程中体系的某些与氢键有关的红外特征频率向低波数移动.分子动力学模拟表明,在NC/NG共混体系塑化过程中,NG分子的空间位阻作用使NC分子链自由体积增加;另一方面NG分子与NC分子形成的氢键替代了NC分子内氢键,使NC分子链内部作用力减弱,回转半径增大.     

飞机液压系统装配中油液污染度控制方法的分析

随着科技的迅速发展,现代飞机已机电一体化,液压系统为飞机正常的起飞、着陆、飞控等系统提供动力,其显著特点是在诸多的子液压系统中采用了更多液压伺服器机构,由此,液压伺服器机构对液压工作油液污染度等级要求更高,液压系统油液污染度的控制方法则显得尤为重要.本文从设计、工艺、试验、设备、环境及操作人员行为规范等方面,提出了在装配车间,保证液压系统工作油液污染度的控制方法,以使飞机液压系统在寿命期内达到污染度等级.     

浅析波音737NG飞机液压油污染空调系统故障及其预防

对波音737NG飞机液压油污染空调系统的原因进行了分析,并提出相关的预防措施。     

空间发动机羽流场的试验研究

为研究空间发动机羽流对卫星的影响,建立羽流污染预报系统,研制了一套羽流试验系统并进行了试验研究.试验台主要包括空间环境模拟系统,电热气体发动机,稳压气源,轴向和径向移动装置,测量系统和温控系统.系统可在满足10-3Pa量级的真空压力和93±5K的背景温度下稳定运行和精确测量.本文完成了表征羽流特征的关键参数-压力场的测量.同时采用CFD和DSMC相结合的方法进行羽流场的数值模拟计算.测量数据与数值计算结果以及相似试验条件下Boyd等人的测量结果进行了对比.     

航天器表面污染物质沉积变化和控制因子评估

航天器进入空间环境以后,空间环境分子污染和颗粒污染形成了航天器表面污染层,从而对航天器的各技术分系统产生不同的负面影响.介绍了中外中轨道航天器表面污染物质沉积变化在轨探测结果,并对污染物质沉积量变化和控制因子做初步评估.结果表明,污染物质沉积量在航天器入轨初期的1~2年内受航天器自身出气物质量、放气速率、表面温度及所处的气流方向等因子所控制.初期沉积量大,正是受到航天器入轨后自身出气量大、放气速率较高的控制,同时迎风面比背风面沉积量大.入轨后期表面沉积量长期变化呈现出明显的降变或缓慢涨落,而且具有全向性特征,因此探讨了具有全向性影响能力的控制因子相关特性,其中高能粒子通量和太阳紫外辐射通量变化可能是主要控制因子.      

星用非金属材料出气污染性质原位测试设备研制

成功研制了星用非金属材料出气污染性质原位测试设备。设备可原性,连续,定旧测试星用非金属材料出气可凝挥发物率,给出全过程的出气数据。设备测控系统稳定、测试仪器灵敏,测试数据可靠。整体设计和技术指标达到国际先进水平,并有所创新,是我国目前唯一的多功位星用非金属材料出气污染高灵敏度原位测试设备。     

电弧加热器铜污染组分效应发射光谱定量研究

电弧加热器是研究飞行器气动热防护问题的重要地面试验平台,其采用电极放电加热获得高温气体的方式,会产生铜蒸汽粒子,并随同进入地面试验模拟的等离子体气流,产生电弧风洞地面试验铜污染组分效应。本研究利用发射光谱诊断技术,发展了一套电弧加热器高温流场组分在线诊断测量系统,开展对10 MW高焓叠片式电弧加热器铜电极烧蚀的在线测量,获得了铜原子浓度的实时测量结果。基于所选铜原子谱线,开展了对电弧加热器起弧过程和稳定工作过程的测量,同时分析了管式电极和环形电极下电极烧蚀的情况。研究结果表明：起弧瞬间,电极烧蚀较明显,管式电极的铜原子峰值浓度要明显高于环形电极;稳定工作后,环形电极铜原子烧蚀量迅速下降,并保持在一个较低水平（<10^-6）,管式电极仍然存在较高、不稳定的烧蚀,显示管式电极的烧蚀量要明显高于环形电极,且管式电极烧蚀量随着电弧加热器运行电流的增加而增加。基于该测量结果,建立了判定电极失效的直接判据,并用于保障电弧加热器运行安全。为研究电弧加热器电极烧蚀及地面试验铜污染组分效应提供了非接触式测量手段,目前,该测量系统已经作为电弧加热器的常规测试手段,提供电弧加热器高温气流的在线诊断。     

运输类飞机平尾失速敏感性及其试飞技术研究

从平尾失速理论研究出发,探讨了可能产生平尾失速的飞行状态,总结了可用于运输类飞机平尾失速敏感性研究的飞行试验技术,研究了平尾失速和机翼失速的相互区别,帮助飞行员在遇到机翼失速或平尾失速时进行必要的清晰判断,并采取适当的改出方法,从而保证飞机飞行安全.研究结果可为未来大型运输类飞机平尾失速敏感性试飞提供很好的技术支持.     

Intracellular molecular distributions in spacecraft experiments in orbit around Earth

It is possible that the nucleolous inside the cell plays the role of a “gravity receptor”. Furthermore, cells up to 10 μm in diameter can demonstrate some effect due to the redistribution of mitochondria or nucleolous. Effects of gravity should be present in various cell systems where larger objects such as the ribosomes move from cell to cell. In this paper we study the effects of gravity on cells. In particular, we examine the resulting intracellular molecular distribution due to Brownian motion and the ordered distribution of molecules under the action of gravity, where n₀ is the number per unit volume at certain level, and n is the number per unit volume above that level. This is an experiment that takes place at a certain orbital altitude in a spacecraft in orbit around Earth, where the acceleration due to the central field is corrected for the oblateness and also the rotation of the Earth. We found that equatorial circular and elliptical orbits have the highest n/n₀ ratios. This experiment takes place in circular and elliptical orbits, with eccentricities e = 0, 0.1 and involves a bacterial cell at an orbital altitude of 300 km. We found that n/n₀ = 1.00299 and 1.0037 respectively, which is still a 0.6–0.7 % higher than n/n₀ = 0.0996685 calculated on the surface of the Earth. Examining mitochondria in similar orbital experiments we found that equatorial orbits result to higher n/n₀ ratios. In particular, we found that n/n₀ = 8.38119, where an elliptical orbit of eccentricity e = 0.1 results to n/n₀ = 13.8525. Both are high above 100%, signifying the importance of Brownian motion over gravity. Our results are of interest to biomedical applications. Molecular concentrations are important for various processes such as the embryogenesis, positional homeostasis and its relation to cell energy expenditure, cell torque, cell deformation, and more. These results indicate that statistical molecular distributions play an important role for the recognition of a particular environment by the cell, in biological space experiment to come.     

An underestimated onboard generated recoil force contributing to the Pioneer anomaly

The Pioneer anomaly, an unexpected acceleration of the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft of ∼8.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ ms⁻² directed towards the inner Solar System, has been of great interest for the physics community during the past decade: considered explanations range from new physical concepts to conventional mechanism. It is shown that non-isotropic outgassing of the complete spacecraft structure is comparable in magnitude and direction to the effect and should be considered as a significant contribution to the anomalous acceleration. Although gas leaks from e.g. the propulsion system and propulsive mass loss mechanism have been discarded as possible explanations for the anomaly, the arguments used against such mechanisms do not apply to global outgassing from the spacecraft.