Empirical model of cosmic ray spectrum in energy interval 1 MeV–100 GeV during 11-year solar cycle

The galactic cosmic rays (GCR) are the main ionization source at altitude of ∼3–35 km in the atmosphere. For high latitude anomalous cosmic ray (ACR) component has also a significant influence on the atmospheric ionization. We propose an empirical model for differential spectra D(E) of galactic and anomalous cosmic rays in energy interval 1 MeV–100 GeV during solar cycle. In the model data are used which cover three solar cycles: 20, 22 and 23. The LEAP87, IMAX92, CAPRICE94, AMS98 and BESS experimental spectra for protons and alpha particles are fitted to the proposed empirical model. The modulated GCR differential spectra are compared with force-field approximation to the one-dimensional transport equation and with solutions of two-dimensional cosmic ray transport equation. For experimental spectra, the calculation of the model parameters is performed by Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, applied to the special case of least squares. Algorithm that combines the rapid local convergence of Newton–Raphson method with globally convergent method for non-linear systems of equations is applied for theoretically obtained differential spectra. The described programmes are realized in algorithmic language C++. The proposed model gives practical possibility for investigation of experimental data from measurements of galactic cosmic rays and their anomalous component.     

Influence of the equinoctial asymmetry on the semi-annual anomaly in NmF2 near noon in the northern geographic hemisphere: A statistical study

Hourly values of NmF2 measured by 72 ionosondes near noon from 1957 to 2012 at low and middle geomagnetic latitudes of the northern geographic hemisphere are used to study the spring and autumn semi-annual anomalies in NmF2. The spring/summer, autumn/summer, spring/winter, and autumn/winter geomagnetically quiet NmF2 ratios, X_M, X_S, Y_M, and Y_S, respectively, taken near noon over each ionosonde for approximately the same winter, spring, summer, and autumn solar activity conditions are analyzed. The probabilities of occurrences of X_M, X_S, Y_M, and Y_S in intervals of change of these parameters, together with its most frequent and the mean expected values, and the probabilities to observe the F2-region spring and autumn semi-annual anomalies are calculated and studied for the first time for low, moderate, and high solar activity conditions. The geomagnetic latitude range between 10 and 55 degrees, where the ionosondes are located, is divided into 9 intervals of the same length of 5 degrees, the statistical parameters are averaged over each 5 degree interval, and the trends in these averaged statistical characteristics of the NmF2 spring and autumn semi-annual anomalies are calculated and studied for the first time. It is shown that the NmF2 equinoctial asymmetry can significantly affect the statistical parameters of the semi-annual anomaly in NmF2.     

Martian obstacle and bow shock: origins of boundaries anisotropy

The origin of the anisotropy in the shape of the Martian obstacle and bow shock is analyzed using Mars Global Surveyor observations. The influence of MHD or ion pick-up effects on Martian obstacle position was to be small found, however, localized Martian crustal magnetization increases the thickness of the downstream planetary magnetotail by 500–1000 km in agreement with earlier Phobos 2 observations. A new analytical model is presented for Martian obstacle shape variation for different solar wind ram pressure. Elongation of the Martian BS cross-section in the direction perpendicular to IMF was confirmed while the shift of this cross section in the +Y direction of Martian interplanetary medium reference frame was discovered. The shift of BS cross section in the direction of interplanetary electric field was not revealed thus not conforming the idea that mass-loading play some role in BS control.     

Modeling and analysis of solar Doppler difference bias with arbitrary rotation axis

The solar rotation causes the solar Doppler difference bias, which leads to the decline of the velocity measurement accuracy. Modeling and compensation are an effective solution. The limited model with specific geometric direction, where the solar rotation axis is perpendicular to the plane through the Sun, the Earth and Mars, was established. However, in fact, the geometric relationship among the Sun, Mars and the spacecraft is not fully in line with the hypothesis of the model due to the spacecraft orbital angle and the solar rotation axis drift. Thus, this model is not consistent with the fact. In order to solve this problem, a universal solar Doppler difference bias model, which provides the expression with arbitrary rotation axis, is established in this paper. In this method, for any point at the solar surface, four variables including the direction of the solar rotation linear velocity at this point, the distance from this point to the rotation axis, the vector from this point to Mars, and the vector from this point to the spacecraft are calculated. Based on these four variables, the solar Doppler difference bias corresponding to this point is obtained. The theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the solar Doppler difference bias model with the actual rotation axis is different from that with one of the specific rotation axes. Therefore, it is indispensable to build the proposed model for compensation. Besides, the direction of the solar rotation axis, the spacecraft-Mars-Sun angle and the spacecraft-to-Mars distance are important impact factors for the proposed model.     

The low and middle latitude semi-annual anomaly in NmF2 near noon: A statistical study

Hourly values of the F2-layer peak density, NmF2, measured by 99 ionosonde stations near noon from 1957 to 2010 at low and middle geomagnetic latitudes of the northern and southern geographic hemispheres are used in a statistical study of the F2-region semi-annual anomaly. The equinox/winter and equinox/summer geomagnetically quiet NmF2 ratios, X and Y, taken near noon over each ionosonde for approximately the same winter, equinox, and summer solar activity conditions are analyzed. The conditional probabilities of occurrences of X and Y in intervals of X and Y, the most frequent values of X and Y, the mean expected values of X and Y, and the conditional probability to observe the F2-region semi-annual anomaly are calculated and studied for the fist time for low, moderate, and high solar activity conditions. These statistical parameters are averaged over 5° geomagnetic latitude interval in the northern and southern geographic hemispheres, and the trends in these averaged statistical characteristics of the NmF2 semi-annual anomaly are calculated and studied for the fist time. It is shown that the median approach can produce the incorrect conclusions about the absence of the NmF2 semi-annual anomaly.     

Equatorial vertical E × B drift velocities inferred from ionosonde measurements over Ouagadougou and the IRI-2007 vertical ion drift model

F-region vertical plasma drift velocities were deduced from the hourly hmF2 values acquired from ionogram data over a near dip equatorial station Ouagadougou (12.4°N, 358.5°E, dip angle 5.9°N) in Africa. Our results are compared against the global empirical model of Scherliess and Fejer (1999) incorporated in the IRI model (IRI-2007) for 1600 to 0800 LT from 1 year of data during sunspot maximum year of 1989 (yearly average solar flux intensity, F10.7 = 192) corresponding to the peak phase of solar cycle 22, under magnetically quiet conditions. The drifts are entirely downward between 2000 and 0500 LT bin for both techniques and the root mean square error (RMSE) between the modeled and the ionosonde vertical plasma drifts during these periods is 3.80, 4.37, and 4.74 m/s for June solstice, December solstice and equinox, respectively. Ouagadougou average vertical drifts show evening prereversal enhancement (PRE) velocity peaks (V_ZP) of about 16, 14, and 17 m/s in June solstice, December solstice, and equinox, respectively, at 1900–2000 LT; whereas global empirical model average drifts indicate V_ZP of approximately 33 m/s (June solstice), 29 m/s (December solstice), and 50 m/s (equinox) at 1800 LT. We find very weak and positive correlation (+0.10376) between modeled V_ZP versus F10.7, while ionosonde V_ZP against F10.7 gives worst and opposite correlation (−0.05799). The results also show that modeled V_ZP–Ap indicates good and positive correlation (+0.64289), but ionosonde V_ZP–Ap exhibits poor and negative correlation (−0.22477).     

基于改进粒子群算法的航空发动机状态变量建模

为了克服现有航空发动机状态变量建模过程中的不足,采用了一种改进粒子群算法建立航空发动机状态变量模型。首先改进了粒子群算法,提出一种每个粒子根据自身适应值动态调整其惯性系数方法来平衡搜索性能;对群体最优位置进行实时的代内更新以提高搜索速度;为避免陷入局部最优,在最优个体附近进行随机搜索。其次利用该算法建立航空发动机状态变量模型,根据航空发动机在稳态点处的线性化模型应与在该同一稳态工作点处的非线性模型响应一致的原则构造适应值函数,仿真结果表明所建立的状态变量模型不论是稳态过程还是动态过程都与非线性模型响应基本一致,建模精度较高,建立过程简便。     

基于仿真的飞机导管自动化生产线规划设计与优化

航空产品加工生产线正向着自动化、数字化和智能化的方向发展,自动化生产线对车间整体布局、物流和生产节拍都提出了更为严格的要求,对生产线进行规划仿真可以直观、准确地反映出生产线运行过程中可能出现的问题,并通过科学方法解决和优化这些问题。介绍了生产线规划仿真技术,在此基础上,对某型飞机导管自动化生产线的生产过程、工艺布局和物流方案进行了规划,并利用DELMIA/Quest软件对导管生产线运行状态进行了仿真,分析了生产线瓶颈、产能和设备利用率等关键因素,提出了生产线布局和工艺路线的改善方案,对比了不同生产组织方式下的仿真结果,同时给出了生产线排产建议。     

基于数据挖掘技术的金融信用决策管理系统

论文首先介绍了数据挖掘的概念及相关技术,然后论述了数据挖掘技术在金融信用决策管理系统中的应用,通过对预测解析、内在理解、决策建模、策略优化和策略精调的介绍,对数据挖掘的实现进行了有效描述.     

基于微观结构的航空铝合金点蚀扩展行为研究

点蚀是航空铝合金材料在服役环境下常见的损伤形式,在疲劳载荷作用下容易形成裂纹,缩短结构的疲劳寿命。为了深入研究点蚀对航空铝合金结构腐蚀疲劳寿命的影响,基于铝合金电化学腐蚀机理和铝合金微观结构,以点蚀蚀坑尺寸为研究参量,对航空铝合金点蚀扩展行为进行建模研究,并将模型计算结果与LY12CZ铝合金点蚀试验结果进行对比分析。结果表明:所构建的铝合金点蚀扩展模型较为合理地反映了铝合金点蚀蚀坑尺寸参数的变化规律。