任务规划系统机动模型与航线设计

航空兵任务规划系统中飞机空对地攻击航线解算的准确性、航线生成质量和航线解算速度是衡量任务规划系统能力的重要指标。飞机空对地攻击航线设计是飞机航线规划中典型的多约束复杂机动,其在设计与使用过程中受到来自时间、空间及飞机本体的多维约束,对飞行动力学建模与航迹优化提出了较高的要求。本文利用面向对象的思想对飞机无侧滑动力学模型进行建模,通过航线机动动作拼接、分段优化的方式实现复杂机动过程的设计与优化,并进行仿真分析。结果表明：该航线优化设计能够实现飞机多约束航迹设计与规划功能,迭代优化算法具有较好的收敛性,可满足航空兵任务规划使用要求。     

Installation error calibration for MEMS angular measurement system in hypersonic wind tunnel

The accuracy of model attitude measurement has an important impact on wind tunnel test results. Microelectromechanical System Inertial Measurement Unit (MEMS IMU) provides a feasible way to measure model attitudes with high accuracy. However, the installation error between MEMS IMU coordinate system and the body coordinate system of test models can make the accuracy of the model attitude measurement decrease. In wind tunnel tests, the installation error depends on the relationship between the IMU and the model mechanism before tests. Therefore, in-field calibration in wind tunnel tests is necessary to reduce installation errors. To improve attitude measurement accuracy, the least squares quaternion calibration method based on MEMS IMU and six-position calibration procedure are proposed. High-precision three-axis turntable tests are performed. The pitch accuracy after calibration is higher than that before calibration in the angle of attack sweeping tests. The Root-Mean-Square Errors (RMSE) in the roll and yaw are within 0.01°, which are smaller than those before calibration. In the roll sweeping tests, RMSE of three attitude angles decrease significantly. In hypersonic wind tunnel tests, the pitch errors before and after calibration are within 0.05° and 0.02° in the angle of attack sweeping tests without wind. In five angle of attack sweeping tests with wind, the deviation between the mean of the pitch and the pitch after the elastic angle correction is within 0.03° and the standard deviation of five tests is within 0.01°. The proposed method is confirmed to enhance the accuracy of attitude measurement effectively, which is convenient for engineering applications.     

A high-safety active/passive hybrid control approach for compressor surge based on nonlinear model predictive control

Surge active control can expand the stable operating range of the compressor. However, the difficulty of flow measurement, dynamic uncertainty disturbance, actuator delay characteristics, hard constraints of control variable, and system security measures have not been fully considered in the existing active control system, which significantly hinders its engineering application. Therefore, a nonlinear model predictive surge active control method is first presented based on flow estimator designed by using a continuous-time Kalman filter for dealing with the hard constraint of control variable and the impact of actuator delay of compression system with dynamic uncertainty. Then, a high-safety active/surge passive hybrid control strategy is designed, dominated by the surge active control and supplemented by the surge passive control, to ensure the compression system’s safe and stable operation. Lastly, the simulation results suggest that the flow estimator accurately estimates the compressor flow. When considering the delay impact of the actuators and sensors and measurement noise on the system, the proposed method exhibits stronger robustness than the existing methods. The active/surge passive hybrid control strategy can successfully ensure the compression system's safe and stable operation. This paper is of high practical significance for the engineering application of future compressor surge active control technologies.     

一种基于模型预测的火星返回推力器容错控制再分配方法

针对火星返回上升器由于环境等因素造成的推力器故障导致的姿态控制系统失稳而难以安全返回的严重问题,提出基于模型预测的动态容错控制再分配方法。根据推力器动态特性建立上升器推力分配模型,对模型参数误差进行实时估计从而修正分配模型,根据模型预测自适应推力再分配方法实施容错控制。同时,将推力器输出限制作为优化求解器的约束,并将推力器故障模型作为优化求解的约束域,实现最小化分配误差和最小化燃料消耗意义下的最优推力再分配。计算机仿真表明了该方法的可行性和实用性,获得了满意的结果,它能使推力器输出推力误差降低60%以上,姿态控制系统能在故障状态下3～5 s快速镇定。     

Fixed-time adaptive model reference sliding mode control for an air-to-ground missile

This paper addresses the fixed-time adaptive model reference sliding mode control for an air-to-ground missile associated with large speed ranges, mismatched disturbances and un-modeled dynamics. Firstly, a sliding mode surface is developed by the tracking error of the state equation and the model reference state equation with respect to the air-to-ground missile. More specifically,a novel fixed-time adaptive reaching law is presented. Subsequently, the mismatched disturbances and the un-modeled dynamics are treated as the model errors of the state equation. These model errors are estimated by means of a fixed-time disturbance observer, and they are also utilized to compensate the proposed controller. Therefore, the fixed-time controller is obtained by an adaptive reaching law and a fixed-time disturbance observer. Closed-loop stability of the proposed controller is established. Finally, simulation results including Monte Carlo simulations, nonlinear six-DegreeOf-Freedom(6-DOF) simulations and different ranges are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed control scheme.     

Flight dynamics characteristics of canard rotor/wing aircraft in helicopter flight mode

The aerodynamic layout of the Canard Rotor/Wing(CRW) aircraft in helicopter flight mode differs significantly from that of conventional helicopters. In order to study the flight dynamics characteristics of CRW aircraft in helicopter mode, first, the aerodynamic model of the main rotor system is established based on the blade element theory and wind tunnel test results. The aerodynamic forces and moments of the canard wing, horizontal tail, vertical tail and fuselage are obtained via theoretical analysis and empirical formula. The flight dynamics model of the CRW aircraft in helicopter mode is developed and validated by flight test data. Next, a method of model trimming using an optimization algorithm is proposed. The flight dynamics characteristics of the CRW are investigated by the method of linearized small perturbations via Simulink. The trim results are consistent with the conventional helicopter characteristics, and the results show that with increasing forward flight speed, the canard wing and horizontal tail can provide considerable lift,which reflects the unique characteristics of the CRW aircraft. Finally, mode analysis is implemented for the linearized CRW in helicopter mode. The results demonstrate that the stability of majority modes increases with increasing flight speed. However, one mode that diverges monotonously,and the reason is that the CRW helicopter mode has a large vertical tail compared to the conventional helicopter. The results of the dynamic analysis provide optimization guidance and reference for the overall design of the CRW aircraft in helicopter mode, and the model developed can be used for control system design.     

卫星定轨综述

对卫星定轨中的热点问题作一综述,内容包括短弧定轨和长弧精密定轨。对于短弧定轨(通常指初轨),不仅从原理上分析其关键之处,还介绍如何将适用于无摄运动的特殊定轨方法推广用于同时考虑各种摄动的受摄运动,并可同时适用于圆锥曲线的各种情况：变化的椭圆轨道、抛物线轨道和双曲线轨道,后者在深空探测器的运动过程中将会遇到。对于长弧精密定轨,阐述当今提高精密定轨精度的力模型补偿问题以及几何定轨的提法,天地基网联合定轨和星-星相对测量的自主定轨问题。     

基于多模型滚动时域估计的卫星故障诊断

研究了卫星姿态控制系统故障诊断问题, 将滚动时域估计与交互式多模型(IMM)方法相结合, 利用滚动时域估计方法对系统状态进行估计, 系统转换概率也相应地利用了一个时间段的估计误差作为依据, 而不是只考虑一个时刻的估计误差, 因此有效减少了大噪声以及个别错误测量对诊断结果的影响. 最后的仿真结果证明了该算法的有效性.     

A novel variable structure multi-model approach based on error-ambiguity decomposition

Model Set Adaptation(MSA) plays a key role in the Variable Structure Multi-Model tracking approach(VSMM). In this paper, the Error-Ambiguity Decomposition(EAD) principle is adopted to derive the EAD-MSA criterion that is optimal in the sense of minimizing the square error between the estimate and the truth. Consequently, the EAD Variable Structure first-order General Pseudo Bayesian(EAD-VSGPB1) algorithm and the EAD Variable Structure Interacting Multiple Model(EAD-VSIMM) algorithm are construct...     

基于随机点模拟方法分析空间目标危险交会

基于SGP4模型在空间目标轨道预报中的应用, 在预报的位置速度信息和误差 信息基础上, 提出一种空间两目标碰撞预警的分析方法, 即随机点模拟方法. 与传统的交会平面积分方法相比, 其主要有两点不同: 一是在误差信息中考虑 了误差均值的影响, 即误差椭球不再以预报位置为中心分布; 二是在分析方 法上侧重于真实模拟可能的交会情形, 而不忽略任一方向上的误差. 通过算例分 析验证了该方法的可行性, 结果表明误差均值的非零性使得最大碰撞概率不 一定出现在预报的最近交会距离时刻. 同时仿真结果还表明, 两目标在相对速 度方向上的相对位置仍然存在误差, 这可能造成随机点模拟的碰撞概率计算 值较交会平面积分方法偏小. 不同的碰撞预警分析方法对应不同的预警门限, 根据文中实例, 初步确定10^-6为随机点模拟方法的红色预警值.