TC17钛合金铣削刀具磨损对残余应力影响研究

为了获得高性能航空发动机用TC17钛合金材料铣削过程中刀具磨损对残余应力的影响规律,通过对不同刀具后刀面磨损量下铣削工件表层残余应力的测试,建立了刀具磨损对残余应力的影响关系,并对影响机理进行了分析。结果表明,硬质合金刀具低速铣削钛合金时,刀具对已加工表面的挤光效应引起的残余压应力占主导地位;不同刀具后刀面磨损量下,残余压应力沿深度方向先增大达到一个最大压应力值后,然后减小趋向于零应力;表面残余应力、最大残余压应力以及残余应力的影响深度都随刀具后刀面磨损量的增大呈增大趋势。     

TC6钛合金整体叶轮数控铣削工艺

为提高ＴＣ６钛合金航空发动机整体叶轮零件曲面数控铣削效率与加工质量,采用正交实验方法,研究并分析了球头铣刀几何参数对零件切削表面硬化层及其后刀面磨损的影响,发现三维曲面铣削时刀具不同的现象,并依此提出了切实可行的ＴＣ６航空发动机整体叶轮零件数控铣削工艺。     

停车迫降中风速对四转弯改出高度的影响

以微分形式,推导出了在停车迫降中,逆风会使下滑距离缩短、飞机四转弯改出位置后移两种情况下四转转改出高度的增量公式及计算方法,通过实例进行了定量分析,给出了逆风使下滑距离缩短和航线四转弯改出位置后移而使四转弯改出所需高度增加的一般规律,为成功实施迫降,保证飞行安全,提供了准确的理论依据。     

空间斯特林发电机热头结构设计及分析

空间斯特林发电机热头在工作中要承受严酷的高温高压的工况,为了保证其长寿命和高效换热等要求,需要对斯特林发电机热头的材料、结构等方面进行分析和优化设计。本文初步介绍了空间斯特林发电机热头结构设计的要求和准则,分析了热头结构设计的难点和关键点及解决途径。采用有限元分析方法,开展了斯特林发电样机热头的温度和压力综合应力分析和热头结构的优化设计。加工完成的热头结构的工作性能满足斯特林发电机样机的要求,初步验证了设计方法和途径的正确性。     

钛合金TC4盘铣开槽加工铣削力研究

由于盘铣刀具直径大,切削余量大,造成钛合金盘铣开槽过程中铣削力较大,进而引起刀具振动,缩短刀具寿命。为实现对钛合金盘铣开槽过程的优化与控制,本文设计单因素实验和正交实验,利用三向压电式测力仪测量铣削力数据,采用线性回归技术建立铣削力模型并以“F”检验法对模型进行显著性检验;利用极差分析法分析工艺参数对铣削力的影响规律,利用响应曲面法分析工艺参数对铣削力的交互影响规律。研究结果表明：对于切削深度变化敏感度依次为铣削力F_x＞进给速度＞主轴转速;对于进给速度变化敏感度依次为铣削力F_y＞切削深度＞主轴转速;对于铣削力F_z变化敏感度依次为主轴转速＞切削深度。铣削力随着主轴转速的增大而减小,随着切削深度和进给速度的增大而增大。另外铣削力F_x大于F_y和F_z,对加工性能和刀具磨损起主导作用。     

Analytical model of cutting force in axial ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB2/7050Al PRMMCs

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling has been widely applied in machining the difficult-to-cut materials owing to the remarkable improvements in reducing the cutting force. However, analytical models to reveal the mechanism and predict the cutting force of ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling metal matrix composites are still needed to be developed. In this paper, an analytical model of cutting force was established for ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. During modeling, change of motion of the cutting tool, contact of tool-chip-workpiece and acceleration of the chip caused by ultrasonic vibration was considered based on equivalent oblique cutting model. Meanwhile, material properties, tool geometry, cutting parameters and vibration parameters were taken into consideration. Furthermore, the developed analytical force model was validated with and without ultrasonic vibration milling experiments on in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. The predicted cutting forces show to be consistent well with the measured cutting forces. Besides, the relative error of instantaneous maximum forces between the predicted and measured data is from 0.4% to 15.1%. The analytical model is significant for cutting force prediction not only in ultrasonic-vibration assisted milling but also in conventional milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites, which was proved with general applicability.     

Milling surface roughness for 7050 aluminum alloy cavity influenced by nozzle position of nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication

In nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) milling of aviation aluminum alloy, it is the bottleneck problem to adjust the position parameters (target distance, incidence angle, and elevation angle) of the nozzle to improve the surface roughness of milling, which has large and uncontrollable errors. In this paper, the influence law of milling cutter speed, helical angle, and cavity shape on the flow field around the milling cutter was studied, and the optimal nozzle profile parameters were obtained. Using 7050 aluminum alloy as the workpiece material, the milling experiment of the NMQL cavity was conducted by utilizing cottonseed oil-based Al₂O₃ nanofluid. Results show that the high velocity of the surrounding air flow field and the strong gas barrier could be attributed to high rotating velocities of the milling cutter. The incidence angle of the nozzle was consistent with the helical angle of the milling cutter, the target distance was appropriate at 25–30 mm, and the elevation angle was suitable at 60°–65°. The range and variance analyses of the signal-to-noise ratio of milling force and roughness were performed, and the chip morphology was observed and analyzed. The results show that the optimal combination of nozzle position parameters was the target distance of 30 mm, the incidence angle of 35°, and the elevation angle of 60°. Among these parameters, target distance had the largest impact on cutting performance with a contribution rate of more than 55%, followed by incidence angle and elevation contribution rate. Analysis by orthogonal experiment revealed that the nozzle position parameters were appropriate, and R_a (0.087 μm) was reduced by 30.4% from the maximum value (0.125 μm). Moreover, R_sm (0.05 mm) was minimum, which was 36% lower than that of the seventh group (R_sm = 0.078 mm).     

不同材质刀具在7075铝合金高速铣削中的磨损研究

为了研究7075铝合金高速铣削中不同材质刀具的磨损与选用,采用化学气相沉积法（（CVD）制备微米（MCD）/纳米（NCD）金刚石涂层刀具,利用场发射扫描电镜观察膜层的表面形貌,结合拉曼谱仪分析CVD金刚石涂层刀具薄膜的结构和成分;分别采用同规格尺寸的硬质合金刀具、MCD涂层刀具在无润滑干切条件下,进行粗加工高速铣削试验,观测两种刀具在加工一定距离后的磨损状况;分别采用同规格尺寸的硬质合金刀具、MCD涂层刀具、NCD涂层刀具在无润滑干切条件下,进行精加工高速铣削试验,观测和分析工件精加工铣削后的表面粗糙度值。结果表明：在大切深高速粗加工铣削7075铝合金时,MCD涂层刀具的寿命为硬质合金刀具的3倍;在小切削深度大进给的高速精加工7075铝合金中,三种刀具铣削后的工件表面粗糙度平均值分别为0.981、1.122和0.960μm,NCD涂层刀具的加工效果要优于MCD涂层刀具;同时通过同一材质刀具的粗、精加工试验对比,发现同规格尺寸的刀具在小切深大进给高速精加工中的寿命是大切深大进给高速粗加工寿命的10倍。这说明7075铝合金的粗加工铣削优选MCD涂层刀具,精加工铣削优选NCD涂层刀具。     

基于等离子体的新型燃烧室头部工作特性实验研究

本文设计了一种基于三维旋转滑动弧的航空发动机新型燃烧室头部,该头部可以在保持原有燃烧室结构不变的基础上,实现对燃烧室的点火和助燃。进行了新型燃烧室头部的放电特性实验,分析了稳定电弧滑动(A-G)模式和击穿伴随滑动(B-G)模式两种放电模式的特点。探究了两种放电模式对振动温度的影响,以及空气流量和电压对OH、O2、O3、NO四种粒子光谱发射强度的影响。结果表明,B-G模式电弧的放电功率更大,达到84W,放电模式对振动温度的影响取决于空气流量和电压的变化,而光谱发射强度则是A-G模式大于B-G模式。     

某氢氧发动机推力室氢喷嘴烧蚀问题仿真分析

氢氧火箭发动机推力室内的喷注均匀性不但影响燃烧效率,还有可能影响喷嘴、面板及内壁等结构的可靠性.针对某型氢氧火箭发动机推力室多次出现固定位置两个氢喷嘴的烧蚀问题,采用CFD方法模拟了此发动机氢头腔及喷嘴的内部流动.通过分析流动特性,并给出量化对比结果,得出了以下两个结论:一方面此发动机推力室喷注面氢流量分布不均,而多次产生烧蚀的喷嘴是所有喷嘴中氢流量最小的两个;另一方面氢喷嘴出口环形间隙内流量分布不均,在所有喷嘴中产生烧蚀的喷嘴出口流速分布不均匀度是最高的.这两个因素共同作用下导致喷嘴局部混合比过高,是造成固定位置喷嘴局部烧蚀的重要原因.