On the clustering of foF2 time series corresponding to disturbed ionospheric periods

This paper presents an analysis of a set of time series that represent foF2 disturbances during storm conditions, using clustering tools. The time series under study have been drawn from ionospheric observations obtained from eight European middle latitude ionosondes during a significant number of storm-time intervals and they are divided into eight groups according to the latitude (middle to low and middle to high) and the local time of the observation point at storm onset (afternoon, evening, morning, prenoon). The time series in each group have been analyzed using clustering-based methods. Specifically, each time series has been represented using two different ways of representation: the first is the raw representation while the second is through the parameters of the autoregressive (AR) model that best represents it. For each representation a hierarchy of clusterings is produced via the complete link algorithm. The two produced hierarchies are combined to a single one and the final clustering results are extracted from the produced hierarchy. The obtained results are in close agreement with the theoretical formulations concerning ionospheric storm effects at middle latitudes. In addition, they may be proved useful in the development of more accurate ionospheric forecasting methods.     

基于OMLHD的仿真模型验证方法

当仿真因子数目较多,而真实系统观测数据相对稀少时,仿真模型的验证工作难以进行.针对仿真因子空间庞大,对应于每一组仿真因子配置,有且仅有对真实系统在相应工作条件下的一次观测这一极端情形,提出一种基于最优拉丁超立方设计(OMLHD,Orthogonal-Maximin Latin Hypercube Designs)的仿真模型验证方法.利用仿真验证试验的优化设计技术对仿真因子配置进行筛选,合理的选择、安排验证试验；采用p值分析方法解决验证试验中的数据一致性分析问题；基于逆概率分布定理的思想,对各组验证试验一致性分析结果进行综合分析.以某导弹制导仿真模型验证为例,对方法的性能进行了讨论.结果表明该方法能够实现在整个因子空间上对仿真模型的可信性进行验证的目的.     

Variations of flutter mechanism of a span-morphing wing involving rigid-body motions

The present paper aims to reveal the significance of rigid-body motions for the flutter mechanism of a span-morphing wing model. The inclusion of rigid-body motions into aeroelastic formulation and flutter analysis is presented. A state-space aeroelastic equation combining the dynamics of stepped Euler-Bernoulli beam with unsteady strip aerodynamic theory is developed by quasi-static modeling. Using a numerical example, variations of flutter mechanism from the bending-torsional flutter to the body-freedom flutter are observed as the span increases. In addition, effects of some dimensionless parameters on the variations of flutter mechanism are investigated. The investigated parameters belonging to the fuselage have limited influences on the bending-torsional flutter but a significant impact on the body-freedom flutter.     

基于物理知识约束的数据驱动式湍流模型修正及槽道湍流计算验证

对湍流摩擦阻力的精准预测是学术界和工业界普遍关心的重要问题，而数据驱动式的湍流模型修正方法对此显示出较大的潜力和前景。提出了一种基于物理知识约束的数据驱动式湍流模型修正方法，根据湍流摩擦阻力分解获得先验物理知识，在S-A湍流模型的生成项中引入非均匀分布的修正因子，以修正因子为设计变量，设定包含物理知识约束的目标函数，利用离散伴随方法求解目标函数与设计变量之间的梯度关系，通过高效率的迭代求解获得修正因子的分布。以槽道湍流为例，验证了包含物理知识约束的数据驱动式建模方法的优势，并分析了物理知识约束对湍流摩擦阻力预测精度的影响，结果表明引入物理知识约束可进一步提高湍流摩擦阻力的预测精度。     

Modeling medium-scale TEC structures,observed by Belgian GPS receivers network

GALOCAD project “Development of a Galileo Local Component for the nowcasting and forecasting of atmospheric disturbances affecting the integrity of high precision Galileo applications” aims to perform a detailed study on ionospheric small- and medium-scale structures and to assess the influence of these structures on the reliability of Galileo precise positioning applications. GPS-derived TEC (total electron content) is obtained from the Belgium Dense Network (BDN), consisting of 67 permanent GPS stations. An empirical 3-D model is developed for studying these ionospheric structures. The model, named LLT model, described temporal variations of TEC in latitude/longitude frame (46°, 52°)N and (−1°, 11°)E. The spatial variations of TEC are modeled by Tchebishev base functions, while the temporal variations are described by a trigonometric basis. To fit the model to the data, the observed area is divided into bins with (1° × 1°) geographic scale and 6 min on time axis. LLT model is made flexible, with varying number of coefficients along each axis. This allows different degree of smoothing, which is the key element of the present approach. Model runs with higher number of coefficients, capturing in details medium-scale TEC structures are subtracted from results obtained with smaller number of coefficients; the latter represent the background ionosphere. The residual structures are localized and followed as they travel across the observed area. In this way, the size, velocity, and direction of the irregular structures are obtained.     

Modeling and Algorithm Application of Weapon Assignment System

In order to improve weapon assignment(WA)accuracy in real scenario,an artificial neural network(ANN)model is built to calculate real-time weapon kill probabilities.Considering the WA characteristic,each input representing one assessment index should be normalized properly.Therefore,the modified WA model is oriented from constant value to dynamic computation.Then an improved invasive weed optimization algorithm is applied to solve the WA problem.During search process,local search is used to improve the initial population,and seed reproduction is redefined to guarantee the mutation from multipoint to single point.In addition,the idea of vaccination and immune selection in biology is added into optimization process.Finally,simulation results verify the model′s rationality and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

连续变速颤振试验的自适应粒子滤波算法

连续变速颤振试验的采集信号通常为非平稳信号,其频率和幅值随时间变化,尤其在亚临界状态下, 变化程度十分剧烈。常用的非平稳信号时变参数建模分析方法,在信号非平稳程度较高的情况下难以对信号 的模态进行准确地分析和跟踪。为了解决这一问题,结合信号非平稳度量计算方法,提出一种改进的自适应粒 子滤波算法,并通过仿真实验数据对所提算法在高非平稳度情况下的跟踪性能进行验证。结果表明:与一般粒 子滤波算法相比,本文方法在高非平稳度情况下具有更高的跟踪精度。     

Global empirical models of the density peak height and of the equivalent scale height for quiet conditions

Monthly average electron density profiles have been calculated from hourly electron density N(h) recorded in 26 digisonde stations distributed worldwide encompassing the time interval 1998–2006. The ionospheric electron density peak height of the F2 region, hmF2, and the effective scale height at the hmF2, Hm, deduced from average profiles have been analyzed to obtain the quiet-time behavior and have been analytically modeled by the spherical harmonic analysis (SH) technique using the modip latitude as the coordinate of the reference system. The coefficients of the SH models of hmF2 and Hm are bounded to the solar activity, and the temporal and seasonal variations are considered by Fourier expansion of the coefficients. The SH models provide a tool to predict hmF2 and Hm located anywhere in the range of latitudes between of 70°N and 70°S and at any time. The SH analytical model for hmF2 improves the fit to the observations by 10% in average compared to the IRI prediction, and it might improve the IRI prediction of hmF2 by more than 30% at high and low latitudes. The analytical model for Hm predicts the quiet behavior of the effective scale height with accuracy better than 15% in average which enables to obtain a good estimation of vertical profiles. These results could be useful to estimate information for the topside profile formulation.     

基于特征的消失模参数化设计系统

针对实际工程项目需求，分析了消失模铸造的特点，运用ＩＤＥＦ０方法建立了消失模设计活动模型，在此基础上，遵循面向对象方法，利用ＥＸＰＲＥＳＳ信息建模语言建立了基于特征的消失模参数化设计系统的信息模型，并阐述了其系统框架及关键技术。     

SOCIT4 collisional-breakup test data analysis: With shape and materials characterization

In this paper we revisit the 1995 Kaman database of the SOCIT4 fragment characteristics with added analysis of a subset of the cataloged fragments from the test. This database was compiled from the last of a series of four hypervelocity impact tests conducted under a U.S. Department of Defense program in 1991–1992. This test targeted a flight-ready, U.S. Transit navigation satellite, yielding collision fragments in the size regime of sub-millimeter through tens of centimeters. Results in this database were used in the 1998 NASA Standard Breakup Model to represent characteristic length (size) and area-to-mass distributions of fragments smaller than 10 cm.