民机试飞风险评估方法研究

试飞风险评估是飞行试验活动中的重要一环,是试飞实施和安全保障工作的基本前提。为降低民机试飞风险,研究建立了一套民机试飞风险评估方法,对试飞危险识别方法、风险分析方法和风险降低措施、应急处理措施的制定方法等进行了阐述。以民机首飞为例进行了风险评估,识别了多项潜在危险,制定了相应的风险措施,根据本方法进行评估的结果基本满足试飞风险管理需要。     

民用飞机产品研制保证等级分配原则研究

研制保证等级是民用飞机研制过程的关键技术。研究了民用飞机产品项目研制保证等级定义,解读并分析了SAE ARP 4754A、RTCA DO-178B以及DO-254各标准有关项目研制保证等级的分配要求差异及产生差异的原因。为解决各标准要求差异导致分配结果不一致的问题,在研究研制保证的目的、解决方法以及相关政策要求的基础上,提出关于民用飞机产品项目研制保证等级若干通用分配原则建议,用于指导项目研制保证等级分配的实际应用。并且,通过应用案例表明该分配原则的可行性。     

Monitoring coastal sea level using reflected GNSS signals

A continuous monitoring of coastal sea level changes is important for human society since it is predicted that up to 332 million people in coastal and low-lying areas will be directly affected by flooding from sea level rise by the end of the 21st century. The traditional way to observe sea level is using tide gauges that give measurements relative to the Earth’s crust. However, in order to improve the understanding of the sea level change processes it is necessary to separate the measurements into land surface height changes and sea surface height changes. These measurements should then be relative to a global reference frame. This can be done with satellite techniques, and thus a GNSS-based tide gauge is proposed. The GNSS-based tide gauge makes use of both GNSS signals that are directly received and GNSS signals that are reflected from the sea surface. An experimental installation at the Onsala Space Observatory (OSO) shows that the reflected GNSS signals have only about 3 dB less signal-to-noise-ratio than the directly received GNSS signals. Furthermore, a comparison of local sea level observations from the GNSS-based tide gauge with two stilling well gauges, located approximately 18 and 33 km away from OSO, gives a pairwise root-mean-square agreement on the order of 4 cm. This indicates that the GNSS-based tide gauge gives valuable results for sea level monitoring.     

Minimum time span of TOPEX/Poseidon,Jason-1 and Jason-2 global altimeter data to detect a significant trend and acceleration in sea level change

The present study aims to estimate a minimum time span of the global mean sea level time series (from TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1 and Jason-2 satellite altimetry) which is sufficient to detect a statistically meaningful trend in global sea level variation. In addition, the objective of this paper is also to seek a minimum time span required to detect a significant acceleration in sea level change.     

飞机机电系统PHM的综合诊断推理机设计

在分析区域级PHM功能及区域管理器结构的基础上,开展了综合诊断推理机设计基础准备工作,包括机电系统功能建模、aFMECA分析、机电系统关联分析。最终,设计出飞机机电系统PHM综合诊断推理机的结构及其工作流程。所设计的综合诊断推理机综合了以往多种推理机的推理机制,更加系统全面地实现了对飞机机电系统的综合诊断功能,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

传感器位置误差条件下的约束总体最小二乘时差定位算法

 现代定位系统中,传感器往往被安放在运动平台上,其位置无法精确得知,存在估计误差,将严重影响对目标的定位精度。针对这一问题,提出基于约束总体最小二乘(CTLS)的到达时差(TDOA)定位算法。首先通过引入中间变量,将非线性TDOA定位方程转化为伪线性方程,再利用CTLS技术,全面考虑伪线性方程所有系数中的噪声。在此基础上推导了定位方程的目标函数,再根据牛顿迭代方法,进行数值迭代,快速得到精确解。采用一阶小噪声扰动分析方法,对该算法的理论性能进行了分析,证明了算法的无偏性和逼近克拉美-罗下限(CRLB)。仿真实验表明,该算法克服了现有总体最小二乘(TLS)算法不能达到CRLB、两步加权最小二乘(two-step WLS)算法在较高噪声时性能发散的缺陷,在较高噪声时定位精度仍然能达到CRLB。     

威胁级别判断技术的研究

介绍了影响威胁级别的各种因素及威胁级别的计算模型，提出了基于非线性结构的威胁因素对威胁级别的树形权值分配法，给出了各威胁因素隶属度的确定方法。此外，还以某型地空导弹为例，介绍了突防航迹的威胁总量以及速度因素对威胁级别的影响，为进一步开展飞机航迹规划和任务规划研究提供了参考。     

论微电子机械系统MEMS

简介了微电子机械系统MEMS的基本概念、构成及显著特点 ,并对微电子机械系统的典型器件如传感器 ,执行器等作了介绍与分析 ,提出了微系统之间要研究的问题 ;探讨了微电子机械系统的发展应用前景     

微型涡喷发动机总体综合设计应用研究

微型涡喷发动机总体设计目前还没有较为详细的设计准则和方法。本文应用涡轮发动机的尺寸和重量设计与评估方法,对9~80 kg 级的多台微型涡喷发动机进行总体综合设计并与其发动机数据进行对比评估;建立微型涡喷发动机综合设计数据库,提炼微型涡喷发动机综合设计准则,利用该准则进行16 kg 级微型涡喷发动机的总体综合设计。结果表明：应用微型涡喷发动机总体综合设计方法得到的设计准则可靠性高,能够对微型涡喷发动机进行总体方案设计。     

Vertical crustal motion derived from satellite altimetry and tide gauges,and comparisons with DORIS measurements

A somewhat unorthodox method for determining vertical crustal motion at a tide-gauge location is to difference the sea level time series with an equivalent time series determined from satellite altimetry. To the extent that both instruments measure an identical ocean signal, the difference will be dominated by vertical land motion at the gauge. We revisit this technique by analyzing sea level signals at 28 tide gauges that are colocated with DORIS geodetic stations. Comparisons of altimeter-gauge vertical rates with DORIS rates yield a median difference of 1.8 mm yr⁻¹ and a weighted root-mean-square difference of 2.7 mm yr⁻¹. The latter suggests that our uncertainty estimates, which are primarily based on an assumed AR(1) noise process in all time series, underestimates the true errors. Several sources of additional error are discussed, including possible scale errors in the terrestrial reference frame to which altimeter-gauge rates are mostly insensitive. One of our stations, Malè, Maldives, which has been the subject of some uninformed arguments about sea-level rise, is found to have almost no vertical motion, and thus is vulnerable to rising sea levels.