Modelling of grinding mechanics: A review

Grinding is one of the most widely used material removal methods at the end of many process chains. Grinding force is related to almost all grinding parameters, which has a great influence on material removal rate, dimensional and shape accuracy, surface and subsurface integrity, thermodynamics, dynamics, wheel durability, and machining system deformation. Considering that grinding force is related to almost all grinding parameters, grinding force can be used to detect grinding wheel wear, energy calculation, chatter suppression, force control and grinding process simulation. Accurate prediction of grinding forces is important for optimizing grinding parameters and the structure of grinding machines and fixtures. Although there are substantial research papers on grinding mechanics, a comprehensive review on the modeling of grinding mechanics is still absent from the literature. To fill this gap, this work reviews and introduces theoretical methods and applications of mechanics in grinding from the aspects of modeling principles, limitations and possible future trendencies.     

Metal flow hysteresis behavior and shape control strategy during porthole die extrusion of micro heat pipe

The shape control strategy of micro grooves is still unclear and challenging during the porthole die extrusion of grooved micro heat pipe (MHP). Through the simulation and experiment of porthole die extrusion of a MHP profile, the metal flow hysteresis behavior within micro features and the effect of ram speed and extrusion temperature on it and the resulting forming integrity was elucidated. Innovatively, Taguchi design and variance analysis (ANOVA) were introduced to determine their influence magnitude on the metal flow uniformity calculated by simulation results. The main findings are given below. The metal flow hysteresis derives from part feature size effect. The negligible friction-affected area during conventional extrusion severely slows down the metal flow within micro features during the MHP profile extrusion, which is due to the surge in the area ratio of the friction-affected area to the region in which it is located. Neither ram speed nor extrusion temperature can change the distribution of the friction-affected area. However, increasing ram speed multiplies the metal flow hysteresis and severely reduces the forming integrity, whereas extrusion temperature has little effect. Following this strategy, batch extrusion of the profile with micro-grooved width of 0.27 ± 0.02 mm was achieved in industrialized conditions.     

基于可穿戴惯性测量的滑雪运动员姿态测量与水平评估方法

运动量化分析是科学化滑雪训练的重要发展方向,而滑雪过程中人体运动模式的数字化表达是科学量化分析的基础和依据.设计并搭建了基于可穿戴MEMS惯性测量单元的人体运动捕捉与姿态重构系统,结合人体多刚体运动模型实现了滑雪过程的人体重构,并应用于高山滑雪运动中回转动作的辅助训练.同时,针对基于多自由度模拟滑雪训练平台的室内训练场景,提出了一种适用于滑雪回转运动的数字化评估方法.该方法利用动作捕捉系统和姿态重构系统提取滑行者五种滑行特征数据,并通过与高水平运动员运动参数的相似性度量和线性拟合实现对滑雪运动员技术参数的评估,以辅助科学训练.最后在室内Olymp模拟滑雪训练台上进行实验,验证了该方法的有效性.     

Passive attitude stabilization of ionic-wind-powered micro air vehicles

The ionic-wind-powered Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) can achieve a higher thrust-to-weight ratio than other MAVs. However, this kind of MAV has not yet achieved controlled flight because of the unstable thrust produced by the ionic wind and the dynamic instability related to the small size. In this paper, a passive attitude stabilization method of the ionic-wind-powered MAV using air dampers is introduced. The key factors that influence the performance of the air dampers, including the layout, position, and area of the air dampers, are theoretically studied. The appropriate optimal position of the air dampers is also obtained by Monte Carlo stochastic simulations. Then the proposed passive attitude stabilization method is applied to the ionic-wind-powered MAVs of different wingspan (2 cm and 6.3 cm). Finally, the experimental results show that using the proposed method, attitude stabilization is achieved for the first time for the ionic-wind-powered MAV. Moreover, the altitude control of an ionic-wind-powered MAV with a wingspan of 6.3 cm is also demonstrated.     

MEMS技术中的电镀工艺及其应用

电镀已经成为MEMS(Micro-Electro-Mechanical System)技术中的一种重要加工手段,相比于传统意义的表面处理作用,MEMS技术中的电镀主要用于制作微结构。介绍了几种常用的以电镀为核心方法的微结构加工工艺和它们的应用领域。微结构加工工艺包括LIGA/UV-LIGA、EFAB、PolyStrata、TSV/TGV、Metal MUMPs等,结合设计好的光刻、镀膜、刻蚀等辅助微工艺技术,能够完成具有超高深宽比、多层堆叠、悬空、可动等特点的复杂三维金属微结构,并针对不同的使用需求,可以实现典型的微机械结构、惯性传感器、射频器件、异构集成、系统散热等功能应用,具有广泛的实用意义。     

基于SiP的低成本微小型GNC系统技术

随着微机电系统(MEMS)技术及微惯性器件的发展,大量小型化、低成本、高性能的导航、制导与控制(GNC)产品正越来越多地应用于小型无人飞行器、地面无人系统以及精确制导弹药等领域.针对各类应用需求,基于MEMS惯性测量单元(IMU)、GNSS接收模块、全捷联红外/可见光/激光多模智能导引头、信息处理器(DSP)与数据链通信模块,采用SiP技术研制出GNC芯片.基于GNC芯片构建一体化微小型GNC系统,突破了基于SiP一体化微小型GNC系统集成、全捷联红外/可见光/激光多模智能感知、嵌入式深组合导航、全捷联多模智能导引头/导航/制导与控制一体化设计等关键技术,并对其性能进行了评估.微小型GNC系统技术为低成本小型无人系统和精确制导弹药的发展夯实技术基础.