铝合金薄板K_c测试新方法的探讨

通过用圆(或椭圆)孔试件测量金属薄板平面应力断裂韧性Kc的方法,与通过用中心穿透裂纹试件Kc的标准方法相比较之后,将Whitney和Nuismer用于复合层压板中的点应力破坏准则,推广到铝合金薄板Kc的测量。 在理论和实验分析的基础上,拟合出与实验结果相一致的经验公式。     

橡胶膜片表面喷霜成因及解决方法

对橡胶制品喷霜的成因从配方设计、硫化工艺、模具、环境条件、氧化影响等方面进行了理论分析，并针对橡胶膜片表面喷霜现象进行了电镜扫描测试及机理分析研究。冷却温度对膜片表面喷霜影响试验表明，膜片制造工艺过程中膜片启模后，冷却温度控制在0～15℃可有效解决膜片表面喷霜问题。     

Friction Stir Welding of Metal Matrix Composites for use in aerospace structures

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a relatively nascent solid state joining technique developed at The Welding Institute (TWI) in 1991. The process was first used at NASA to weld the super lightweight external tank for the Space Shuttle. Today FSW is used to join structural components of the Delta IV, Atlas V, and Falcon IX rockets as well as the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle. A current focus of FSW research is to extend the process to new materials which are difficult to weld using conventional fusion techniques. Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) consist of a metal alloy reinforced with ceramics and have a very high strength to weight ratio, a property which makes them attractive for use in aerospace and defense applications. MMCs have found use in the space shuttle orbiter's structural tubing, the Hubble Space Telescope's antenna mast, control surfaces and propulsion systems for aircraft, and tank armors. The size of MMC components is severely limited by difficulties encountered in joining these materials using fusion welding. Melting of the material results in formation of an undesirable phase (formed when molten Aluminum reacts with the reinforcement) which leaves a strength depleted region along the joint line. Since FSW occurs below the melting point of the workpiece material, this deleterious phase is absent in FSW-ed MMC joints. FSW of MMCs is, however, plagued by rapid wear of the welding tool, a consequence of the large discrepancy in hardness between the steel tool and the reinforcement material. This work characterizes the effect of process parameters (spindle speed, traverse rate, and length of joint) on the wear process. Based on the results of these experiments, a phenomenological model of the wear process was constructed based on the rotating plug model for FSW. The effectiveness of harder tool materials (such as Tungsten Carbide, high speed steel, and tools with diamond coatings) to combat abrasive wear is explored. In-process force, torque, and vibration signals are analyzed to assess the feasibility of on-line monitoring of tool shape changes as a result of wear (an advancement which would eliminate the need for off-line evaluation of tool condition during joining). Monitoring, controlling, and reducing tool wear in FSW of MMCs is essential to the implementation of these materials in structures (such as launch vehicles) where they would be of maximum benefit.     

金属粉末燃烧装置凝相产物反弹特性实验研究

为获得金属粉末燃烧装置燃烧产物的反弹特性，进而为金属凝相燃烧产物收集装置的设计提供指导，在收集并分析了铁粉燃烧产物特性的基础上，搭建了壁面碰撞反弹装置，开展了凝相燃烧产物与石墨板反弹特性实验研究，获得了铁粉燃烧产物与石墨板碰撞反弹后的法向反弹系数（en）与切向反弹系数（et）随粒子入射速度、入射角度的影响规律，并拟合了反弹系数多项式。结果表明：真实燃烧产物实验条件下，铁粉凝相燃烧产物的入射速度对en和et影响不显著，但入射角度对en和et的影响较大，表现为en随入射角度的增加而增大，et随入射角度的增加先减后增，但增幅较小，当入射角度大于58°时，et又出现减小的趋势。     

SiCp增强体表面改性对铁基复合材料组织性能的影响

为了改善粉末冶金方法制得的SiCp/Fe复合材料性能，采用化学镀的方法，成功地在SiCp表面沉积镍，考察了颗粒表面改性对铁基复合材料组织性能的影响。结果表明，镀镍层的作用明显：第一，阻碍了SiCp/Fe界面的过度反应以及Si原子向基体中的扩散；第二，镀镍层的存在改善了颗粒与基体的界面状况，使得颗粒能够更好地发挥增强体的作用。     

钨渗铜材料在真空高压开关上的应用

为适应高压真空开关抗熔焊、耐电蚀、高电导、低含气量等要求，对传统的生产工艺作了一系列改进，采用纯钨粉经模压成型、高温烧结，然后一次完成渗铜和覆铜。结果表明，钨骨架强度高，钢呈网状分布，基体组织细小均匀，气体含量低，覆铜层与钨铜基体结合紧密，从而满足了使用要求，降低了成本，获得了较好的经济效益。     

涡轮叶片尾缘复合通道隔板结构

采用热色液晶测温法测量涡轮叶片尾缘带隔板的复合通道的温度场.研究复合通道中3种不同形状的隔板对换热和流阻的影响.主要在矩形隔板、90°波形隔板、120°波形隔板3种结构之间进行换热和流阻的比较.结果表明:在本实验评价指标下,2种形状的波形隔板的换热均好于矩形隔板,而且相对较小的压力损失;90°隔板在第1通道换热上好于120°隔板,第2通道两隔板的换热基本相当,但是90°隔板相对有较大的压力损失.      

激波管中获得低强度激波的方法

文中探讨了在相对高的驱动压比条件下获得低强度入射激波的变截面驱动方法(A4/A1<1)和等截面激波管中插入多孔板的方法.经实验比较等截面激波管获得的压力波形好,但过低驱动压比时膜片选择困难、实验重复性差.介绍的两种方法可以获得更低强度入射激波,但压力波形稍差,有进一步改善的空间.     

金属/水反应冲压发动机理论性能计算与分析

基于水与金属燃料反应的水冲压发动机是一种新型的水下动力装置。为了研究水下冲压发动机的基本性能，在简述热力计算原理的基础上，以含铝贫氧推进剂为例对燃气发生器式水冲压发动机、以铝金属燃料为例对漩流式水冲压发动机进行了不同工作状态下的热力计算，得出了发动机比冲与水燃比、工作压强等之间的定性关系。     

推进剂贮箱锥柱形金属膜片的翻转特性研究

基于MSC.Marc非线性有限元软件,对推进剂贮箱锥柱形金属膜片的变形进行仿真研究。模拟了膜片的翻转变形过程,分析了膜片翻转变形规律和失效因素,提出了膜片有效稳定翻转的条件。