铝合金薄板K_c测试新方法的探讨

通过用圆(或椭圆)孔试件测量金属薄板平面应力断裂韧性Kc的方法,与通过用中心穿透裂纹试件Kc的标准方法相比较之后,将Whitney和Nuismer用于复合层压板中的点应力破坏准则,推广到铝合金薄板Kc的测量。 在理论和实验分析的基础上,拟合出与实验结果相一致的经验公式。     

橡胶膜片表面喷霜成因及解决方法

对橡胶制品喷霜的成因从配方设计、硫化工艺、模具、环境条件、氧化影响等方面进行了理论分析，并针对橡胶膜片表面喷霜现象进行了电镜扫描测试及机理分析研究。冷却温度对膜片表面喷霜影响试验表明，膜片制造工艺过程中膜片启模后，冷却温度控制在0～15℃可有效解决膜片表面喷霜问题。     

Friction Stir Welding of Metal Matrix Composites for use in aerospace structures

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a relatively nascent solid state joining technique developed at The Welding Institute (TWI) in 1991. The process was first used at NASA to weld the super lightweight external tank for the Space Shuttle. Today FSW is used to join structural components of the Delta IV, Atlas V, and Falcon IX rockets as well as the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle. A current focus of FSW research is to extend the process to new materials which are difficult to weld using conventional fusion techniques. Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) consist of a metal alloy reinforced with ceramics and have a very high strength to weight ratio, a property which makes them attractive for use in aerospace and defense applications. MMCs have found use in the space shuttle orbiter's structural tubing, the Hubble Space Telescope's antenna mast, control surfaces and propulsion systems for aircraft, and tank armors. The size of MMC components is severely limited by difficulties encountered in joining these materials using fusion welding. Melting of the material results in formation of an undesirable phase (formed when molten Aluminum reacts with the reinforcement) which leaves a strength depleted region along the joint line. Since FSW occurs below the melting point of the workpiece material, this deleterious phase is absent in FSW-ed MMC joints. FSW of MMCs is, however, plagued by rapid wear of the welding tool, a consequence of the large discrepancy in hardness between the steel tool and the reinforcement material. This work characterizes the effect of process parameters (spindle speed, traverse rate, and length of joint) on the wear process. Based on the results of these experiments, a phenomenological model of the wear process was constructed based on the rotating plug model for FSW. The effectiveness of harder tool materials (such as Tungsten Carbide, high speed steel, and tools with diamond coatings) to combat abrasive wear is explored. In-process force, torque, and vibration signals are analyzed to assess the feasibility of on-line monitoring of tool shape changes as a result of wear (an advancement which would eliminate the need for off-line evaluation of tool condition during joining). Monitoring, controlling, and reducing tool wear in FSW of MMCs is essential to the implementation of these materials in structures (such as launch vehicles) where they would be of maximum benefit.     

金属粉末燃烧装置凝相产物反弹特性实验研究

为获得金属粉末燃烧装置燃烧产物的反弹特性，进而为金属凝相燃烧产物收集装置的设计提供指导，在收集并分析了铁粉燃烧产物特性的基础上，搭建了壁面碰撞反弹装置，开展了凝相燃烧产物与石墨板反弹特性实验研究，获得了铁粉燃烧产物与石墨板碰撞反弹后的法向反弹系数（en）与切向反弹系数（et）随粒子入射速度、入射角度的影响规律，并拟合了反弹系数多项式。结果表明：真实燃烧产物实验条件下，铁粉凝相燃烧产物的入射速度对en和et影响不显著，但入射角度对en和et的影响较大，表现为en随入射角度的增加而增大，et随入射角度的增加先减后增，但增幅较小，当入射角度大于58°时，et又出现减小的趋势。     

SiCp增强体表面改性对铁基复合材料组织性能的影响

为了改善粉末冶金方法制得的SiCp/Fe复合材料性能，采用化学镀的方法，成功地在SiCp表面沉积镍，考察了颗粒表面改性对铁基复合材料组织性能的影响。结果表明，镀镍层的作用明显：第一，阻碍了SiCp/Fe界面的过度反应以及Si原子向基体中的扩散；第二，镀镍层的存在改善了颗粒与基体的界面状况，使得颗粒能够更好地发挥增强体的作用。     

钨渗铜材料在真空高压开关上的应用

为适应高压真空开关抗熔焊、耐电蚀、高电导、低含气量等要求，对传统的生产工艺作了一系列改进，采用纯钨粉经模压成型、高温烧结，然后一次完成渗铜和覆铜。结果表明，钨骨架强度高，钢呈网状分布，基体组织细小均匀，气体含量低，覆铜层与钨铜基体结合紧密，从而满足了使用要求，降低了成本，获得了较好的经济效益。     

瞬变温度声速变压力测量传感器技术研究

从分析压力传感器的平面膜片结构在变温场中存在的失稳现象入手,突破常规设计方法,采用新颖的球壳状膜片结构,克服了失稳现象,结合采取一系列相应的技术措施,实现了瞬变温度流场速变压力的实时精确测量。     

药柱含扰流板H2O2/HTPB固液火箭发动机 两相流数值计算

研究了药柱中添加扰流板对固液火箭发动机燃烧性能的影响,以北京航空航天大学φ100mm标准固液火箭发动机为计算模型,针对98%H₂O₂/HTPB(过氧化氢/端羟基聚丁二烯)推进剂组合,采用二维轴对称气液两相模型计算了不同药柱位置、不同孔径尺寸的扰流板对固液火箭发动机燃烧性能的影响.结果表明:孔径尺寸更小的扰流板且置扰流板于药柱长度的50%~70%时,平均燃料退移速率最大,燃烧效率最高,这将为扰流板设计提供理论依据.      

高速列车模型编组长度和风挡结构对气动阻力的影响

采用风洞试验的方法,分别对高速列车试验模型2～6车编组状态下的各节车厢气动阻力的分布规律,以及2种不同结构外形的风挡对3车编组列车模型各节车厢气动阻力的影响进行了研究。结果表明：当编组长度大于3车,头车、尾车的阻力系数随编组长度的增加变化较小,中间车的阻力系数约为0．1。1节头车＋N节中间车＋1节尾车的全车气动阻力系数,可用3车编组模型试验的头车阻力系数＋0．1×N＋尾车阻力系数之和进行估算。高速列车风洞试验模型分别采用风挡1和风挡2两种风挡,只是使得气动阻力在各节车厢之间形成不同的分配,对由各节车厢相加形成的全车气动阻力的试验结果影响很小。     

金属氢化物热泵及其在载人航天生保系统中的应用

介绍了金属氢化物热泵系统的工作原理和研究现状，分析了该系统在载入航天生命保障系统，特别是出舱航天服生命保障系统中应用的可能性，着重从系统体积，重量、物质消耗，再生时间和技术成熟度等方面比较了水升华器，相变储热，金属氢化物热泵等几种冷源各自的优缺点，说明了金属氢化物热泵系统在载入航天生命保障系统中应用的巨大潜力和需要研究的关键性技术问题。