Hypersonic vehicle aerodynamic design using modified sequential approximate optimization

Hypersonic vehicles are receiving increased attention within the aerospace community due to their high cruise speed and long-range capabilities. In this paper, a modified Sequential Approximate Optimization method is proposed for an optimized aerodynamic design of a hypersonic vehicle. As part of this approach, a constrained experimental design method is developed to handle the constraints more efficiently. A radial basis function is used to surrogate time-consuming CFD analysis. An efficient and more robust numerical mesh morphing scheme for the hypersonic vehicle is developed for the generation of high-quality meshes. Within this paper, a novel adaptive infilling strategy is proposed which uses an inaccurate search technique coupled with an elite archive. This allows the location of a more promising sample region and hence improves the surrogate accuracy, thereby further enhancing the optimization efficiency. A hypersonic vehicle aerodynamic design problem is solved using the proposed approach and satisfactory results are obtained at much lower computational costs. The lift-to-drag ratio is increased by 23.8% when compared with the base configuration while also satisfying the volume and lift constraints. The pressure and Mach contours have been compared with those of the base configuration and the results demonstrate the strength of the optimized configuration. The modified sequential approximate optimization for designing an improved hypersonic vehicle is worth referencing in future work.     

基于VC++5.0的三维图形生成方法

对计算机图形显示中的一个复杂问题－－隐藏线的消隐问题进行了研究。并结合信号分析中信号的三维图形显示问题，阐述了基于来家算法的图形快速消隐处理的三维图形生成方法。在此基础上，巧妙利用ＶＣ＋＋５．０中的库函数，探讨了三维网格图的生成方法，并非常方便地实现了三维图形的拉伸、旋转。仿真实例表明该算法简单易行。     

Numerical studies of static aeroelastic effects on grid fin aerodynamic performances

The grid fin is an unconventional control surface used on missiles and rockets. Although aerodynamics of grid fin has been studied by many researchers, few considers the aeroelastic effects.In this paper, the static aeroelastic simulations are performed by the coupled viscous computational fluid dynamics with structural flexibility method in transonic and supersonic regimes. The developed coupling strategy including fluid–structure interpolation and volume mesh motion schemes is based on radial basis functions. Results are presented for a vertical and a horizontal grid fin mounted on a body. Horizontal fin results show that the deformed fin is swept backward and the axial force is increased. The deformations also induce the movement of center of pressure, causing the reduction and reversal in hinge moment for the transonic flow and the supersonic flow,respectively. For the vertical fin, the local effective incidences are increased due to the deformations so that the deformed normal force is greater than the original one. At high angles of attack, both the deformed and original normal forces experience a sudden reduction due to the interference of leeward separated vortices on the fin. Additionally, the increment in axial force is shown to correlate strongly with the increment in the square of normal force.     

铜铬复合电极电火花小孔加工机理及试验研究

电火花小孔加工中存在工具电极损耗严重、加工速度慢、棱角变钝出现锥度等问题。分析其存在问题的原因,提出采用铜铬复合电极进行电火花小孔加工。分析其加工机理并进行实验,实验结果表明:采用铜铬复合电极进行小孔加工比采用铜电极进行小孔加工能显著提高加工速度,减小锥度和电极相对损耗。     

静电电磁脉冲辐射场诱发针-球电极结构放电试验

针对当前国内外诱发静电放电（ESD）研究较少的实际情况，为了解自然环境下静电放电辐射场诱发放电的基本特性，进一步分析诱发放电的特征规律，建立了大气条件下诱发放电试验系统。主要采取理论分析、试验验证的方式，对静电放电辐射场诱发针-球电极结构放电的基本规律进行摸索，初步得出了诱发放电的基本规律。研究结果表明：在外界条件一定的情况下，随着辐射场强的不断增大，放电重复频率不断增大；在辐射场强一定的情况下，随着高压源电压的不断增大，诱发放电重复频率不断增大；在外界环境条件一定的情况下，能够确定该条件下的诱发放电唯一阈值。这些试验规律的取得，为真空条件下的诱发放电特性研究提供了试验方法和理论依据，对开展航天器运行环境中的诱发放电研究和防护方法设计具有重要意义。     

基于非结构自适应网格和嵌入边界法的残差格式研究

嵌入边界法由于在求解NS方程时能够简化网格生成问题而在计算流体领域受到越来越广泛的关注.简言之,嵌入边界法能够简化大变形和运动条件下多物理流动模拟、流固相互作用耦合问题,然而壁面边界条件的精确处理仍旧是该方法需要解决的问题.在本文工作中,为考虑壁面边界条件而在NS方程中增加了补偿项,同时采用非结构网格自适应技术保持了壁面边界条件的精度.     

镉镍蓄电池中氢氧化镍电极的研究进展

从镍电极的反应机理、应用、制备方法及其活性物质、添加剂等方面，对镉镍蓄电池中的氢氧化镍电极进行了较详细的介绍。指出：通过改变镍电极的制备方法，控制氢氧化镍的晶形结构，以及添加钴、锂等元素，可以有效改善镍电极的电化学性能，从而进一步拓展镍电极在航天领域的应用。     

基于网格细化技术的地球-火星转移轨道优化

文章从细化效率、易用性和适应性等角度对基于数据压缩原理的网格细化算法进行改进,与基于局部配点法开发的通用轨迹优化方法（考虑非线性规划的规范化处理、稀疏特性和数值微分算法）相结合,构建出一种非光滑轨迹优化方法。对地球—火星转移轨道进行了优化,结果表明：所述方法能够高精度、快速求解地球—火星转移轨道优化问题,能够在轨道变化剧烈区域加密网格,在轨道变化平坦区域采用较稀的网格,具有较好的适应性和在线优化的潜力;采用控制变量作为网格细化函数即可捕捉到状态变量的剧烈变化;对于地球—火星转移轨道优化问题,推力方向角定义在[0°,360°)比定义在[-180°,180°)更利于数值优化。     

微尺度线电极电解加工

微尺度线电极电解是近期出现的一种新加工方法,采用钨丝作为线电极,在加工过程中电极无损耗,通过控制工具电极轨迹可实现微细结构加工。建立了微尺度线电极电解加工模型;通过微尺度线电极叠加微幅振动,促进了加工间隙中电解液更新;针对加工电压、脉冲宽度、脉冲周期和加工速度等影响微尺度线电极电解加工精度的因素进行了参数对比试验,并对加工参数进行了分析和优化。采用电化学腐蚀原理进行微米尺度线电极的在线制作,在线制得直径10 μm和2 μm的线电极,实现了切缝宽度为20 μm以下的复杂微细结构以及切缝宽度为8 μm以下的微螺旋结构。     

Electrochemical trepanning with an auxiliary electrode

Electrochemical trepanning (ET) is one of the main methods for processing the blisks in aero-engines. However, stray corrosion in ET has a very negative impact on the machining quality of the blades. This paper proposes an innovative ET method with an auxiliary electrode surrounding the inner wall of the cavity above the cathode. Two-dimensional electric-field models are established and simulations are carried out with the auxiliary electrode at different positions and different electric potentials. The electric-field simulations show that adding the auxiliary electrode reverses the directions of the current lines in the processed area, thereby protecting it. The results show that when the distance from the bottom of the auxiliary electrode to the top of the cathode tool is 3 mm and the potential difference between the auxiliary electrode and the anode workpiece is 5 V, the area corroded by stray current is decreased. Experiments are performed under the parameter values determined by the simulations, and they confirm that this method is effective at reducing stray corrosion. Specifically, at a feed rate of 2.5 mm/min, the blade taper angle is decreased from 1.37° to −0.09°, the thickness of the leading and trailing edges is increased from 0.307 mm to 0.704 mm, and the average surface roughness is decreased from S_a =8.239 μm to S_a=7.028 μm.