在线消费者购买行为的决策过程

在线企业如何根据消费者的个人特点和个人差异更好地预测、改进或影响消费者的决定,让他们在众多在线竞争者中选中自己,是在线企业网络营销策略制定的出发点.针对此问题,在分析在线消费者行为的基础上,给出了在线消费者购买决策制定模型及购买决策模型,帮助在线企业使用技术来改进、影响和控制消费者决策过程.     

2Cr13钢的全方位离子注入与离子束增强沉积复合表面强化处理

对 2Cr13不锈钢表面进行了等离子体浸没离子注入(PIII)与离子束增强沉积(IBED)复合强化处理。对强化后的试样进行了俄歇电子能谱(AES)、X光电子能谱(XPS)分析及显微硬度、摩擦磨损和耐腐蚀性能测试。结果表明,处理后的试样表面层中含有强化相TiN和CrN;与基体相比,被处理试样的显微硬度显著增大,最大增幅达80 4%;摩擦系数降至 0 2~0 3,磨痕宽度最大减少了近 4倍;腐蚀电位最大提高了 5倍,腐蚀电流密度减少了 26倍。磨损中粘着现象大大减轻,耐磨耐蚀性能得到了显著改善。     

新型超高强度钢应力腐蚀断裂行为研究

采用恒载荷拉伸应力腐蚀实验研究了23Co14Ni12Cr3及40CrNi2Si2MoVA两种超高强度钢在质量分数为3.5％的NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂行为,为两种超高强度钢在结构件中的安全使用提供数据依据.通过金相显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM)对两种超高强度钢的显微组织以及断口形貌进行了分析.恒载荷拉伸应力腐蚀实验结果表...     

低功率电弧加热推力器喷管温度与性能

电弧加热推力器利用直流电弧放电加热推进剂,并将加热后的推进剂通过拉瓦尔喷管高速喷出产生推力。电弧加热推力器的性能与其喷管内部复杂的传热与流动以及能量转换过程密切相关。分别以纯氩、氮、氢气以及氢/氮混合气为电弧加热推力器的推进剂,在推进剂供给流量4～270mg/s,弧电流4～12A,环境压力低于20Pa的条件下,实时检测了自然辐射冷却及推进剂再生冷却喷管的电弧加热推力器在运行过程中的喷管外表面温度、弧电压、产生的推力等参数及其变化,综合分析了喷管温度变化对推力器性能的影响。     

Micro-macro Unified Analysis of Flow Behavior of Particle-reinforced Metal Matrix Composites

This article presents a micro-macro unified model for predicting the deformation of metal matrix composites (MMCs). A macro-scale model is developed to obtain the proper boundary conditions for the micro-scale model, which is used to assess the microstructural deformation of materials. The usage of the submodel technique in the analysis makes it possible to shed light on the stress and strain field at the microlevel. This is helpful to investigate the linkage between the microscopic and the macroscopic flow behavior of the composites. An iterative procedure is also proposed to find out the optimum parameters. The results show that the convergence can be attained after three iterations in computation. In order to demonstrate the reliability of micro-macro unified model, results based on the continuum composite model are also investigated using the stress-strain relation of composite obtained from the iterations. By comparing the proposed unified model to the continuum composite model, it is clear that the former exhibits large plastic deformation in the case of little macroscopic deformation, and the stresses and strains obtained from the submodel are higher than those from the macroscopic deformation.     

空间临近目标行为辨识方法

针对侦察卫星通过变轨等方式抵近目标的对天观测行为,提出了一种基于视觉特性的临近目标行为辨识方法。通过对序列图中抵近目标上特征点进行跟踪以得到其轨迹变化;针对目标可能存在的异常行为在图像当中的表征进行分析,结合已得信息构建特征参数并对目标行为进行判断;最后通过试验对辨识算法进行验证。试验结果表明：该算法能对不同光照条件下的连续图像进行处理,实现对临近目标通过主体姿态变化进行对天侦察行为的有效辨识。     

TC11钛合金高温流变行为及组织演变

通过热压缩试验研究了具有β转变组织的TC11钛合金在温度1030～1090℃和应变速率0.001～10s-1范围内的流变行为和组织演变.分析了该合金在试验参数范围内变形的应力-应变曲线特征.动力学分析获得β区变形的应力指数和变形激活能分别为3.32和135.5kJ×mol-1,表明β区的热变形主要受扩散所控制.组织观察发现,试验条件下原始β晶粒有两种细化方式,一种是以变形拉长的原始β晶粒晶界布满项链状的细小均匀的新晶粒为特征的晶粒细化方式;另一种是以变形拉长的具有锯齿形晶界的原始β晶粒内部布满细小均匀的新晶粒为特征的晶粒细化方式.高温变形后保温期间的软化行为表明,原始β晶粒的细化方式取决于变形过程中位错的产生和消失之间的竞争机制.     

基于应变量耦合的低成本Ti-Al-V-Fe合金本构关系

为了获取新型低成本Ti-Al-V-Fe合金热成形工艺窗口,研究了热加工参数为变形温度875~1100℃、应变速率0.001~1 s^-1、变形量70%的低成本Ti-Al-V-Fe合金热变形行为。结果表明:流变应力与变形温度成反比,与应变速率成正比,合金为典型负温度、正应变敏感材料。以热模拟实验数据为依据,运用多元线性回归方法,确定了材料常数与应变的函数关系,建立了基于应变量耦合的α+β两相区及β单相区Arrhennius本构方程,其耦合系数为0.98,表明建立的模型在给定任意应变量时可准确预测流变应力。根据热激活能,判别合金在不同相区软化机制,单相区为动态回复,两相区为动态再结晶。     

An efficient analytical homogenization technique for mechanical-hygrothermal responses of unidirectional composites with applications to optimization and multiscale analyses

The elasticity-based Locally Exact Homogenization Theory (LEHT) is extended to study the mechanical-hygrothermal behaviors of unidirectionally-reinforced composites. Based on the framework developed previously, thermal and moisture effects are incorporated into the LEHT to study the homogenized and localized responses of heterogeneous materials, which are validated using available analytical and numerical techniques. The LEHT programs are then encapsulated as subroutines with Input/Output (I/O) interfaces, to be readily applied in different computational scenarios. In order to illustrate the efficiency of the LEHT, the theory is firstly coupled to the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm in order to minimize the axial thermal expansion mismatch in hexagonal and square fiber arrays by tailoring the fiber volume fraction. The LEHT is then implemented into the lamination theory to study fabrication-induced residual stresses arising during the cool-down process which introduces local laminate stresses owing to thermo-mechanical property mismatch between plies. Both of these applications illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the LEHT in generating effective properties and local stress distributions, making the theory a golden standard in validating other analytical or numerical techniques as well as a reliable tool in composite design and practice for professionals and non-professionals alike.     

All-sky-imaging capabilities for ionospheric space weather research using geomagnetic conjugate point observing sites

Optical signatures of ionospheric disturbances exist at all latitudes on Earth—the most well known case being visible aurora at high latitudes. Sub-visual emissions occur equatorward of the auroral zones that also indicate periods and locations of severe Space Weather effects. These fall into three magnetic latitude domains in each hemisphere: (1) sub-auroral latitudes ～40–60°, (2) mid-latitudes (20–40°) and (3) equatorial-to-low latitudes (0–20°).Boston University has established a network of all-sky-imagers (ASIs) with sites at opposite ends of the same geomagnetic field lines in each hemisphere—called geomagnetic conjugate points. Our ASIs are autonomous instruments that operate in mini-observatories situated at four conjugate pairs in North and South America, plus one pair linking Europe and South Africa. In this paper, we describe instrument design, data-taking protocols, data transfer and archiving issues, image processing, science objectives and early results for each latitude domain. This unique capability addresses how a single source of disturbance is transformed into similar or different effects based on the unique “receptor” conditions (seasonal effects) found in each hemisphere. Applying optical conjugate point observations to Space Weather problems offers a new diagnostic approach for understanding the global system response functions operating in the Earth’s upper atmosphere.