火箭涡轮泵机械密封研究综述

机械密封作为一种适合在苛刻工况下使用的轴封形式,在火箭各类涡轮泵中得到了广泛应用。涡轮泵的特殊性给机械密封的应用带来了一系列问题。对火箭涡轮泵机械密封方面的研究概况进行简述。首先从高速旋转轴系中的机械密封动力学方面,介绍了高速工况下轴系与机械密封的耦合关系和机械密封主动控制的尝试;然后对火箭涡轮泵机械密封中的摩擦磨损与润滑问题进行了介绍,涉及高速摩擦磨损下的可靠性、热力耦合与变形问题、材料配副、流体膜形成机理与端面几何特征优化等各方面问题;最后介绍了涡轮泵带压长期贮存的工作特点造成的静态慢渗问题。     

三维多向编织复合材料压缩性能的试验研究

采用短标距薄板试件法对三维五向和六向编织复合材料试件进行了压缩试验。该方法可以避免试件产生整体屈曲和端部纤维束开裂破坏,适用于三维编织复合材料的压缩试验。同时,在试验的基础上,分析了该类材料的纵向压缩刚度、压缩强度和泊松比随编织工艺参数的变化规律以及材料的失效形式。三维五向和六向编织复合材料在破坏前基本保持线弹性,纵向压缩破坏具有脆性特征。编织角的增大导致了材料纵向压缩性能下降。减小四向编织纱线的细度,有利于提高材料的纵向压缩性能。此外,三维六向编织复合材料的纵向压缩性能低于三维五向编织复合材料。     

全氟醚橡胶低温密封性能和工艺研究

对全氟醚橡胶密封圈低温条件下密封泄漏问题进行了理论分析,从改善材料压缩永久变形性能方面出发,调整二段硫化工艺参数,并进行产品低温密封试验。试验表明,调整后的二段硫化条件在保证全氟醚橡胶本身物理机械性能的条件下,提高了全氟醚橡胶密封圈在低温条件下的密封性能。     

均化法对短炭纤维均匀化效果及C/C复合材料性能的影响

采用模压半炭化成型工艺和普通压力机,在大气环境下制备出了短炭纤维增强沥青炭基C/C复合材料.借助无级变速搅拌机、材料万能试验机和电子扫描显微镜,研究了均化法对短炭纤维均匀化效果和C/C复合材料力学性能的影响.结果表明,在所试验的6种分散剂中,含有CPB和PVA的分散液不仅对PAN基炭纤维的分散性能较好,而且对炭纤维、沥青粉和焦炭颗粒也具有良好的均匀化效果;均化法对C/C复合材料的抗压强度具有重要的影响,就C/C复合材料的力学性能、制备成本和作业环境而言,湿混法的综合性能最好.     

关于纤维增强复合材料力学性能可设计性的分析

纤维增强复合材料是一种多相结构材料，主要由增强纤维和树脂基体材料组成。其性能可设计性是指可按照设计要求进行选择不同的增强材料和树脂基体材料以及它们的含量和各种铺层形式，可组成具有不同性能的各种复合材料。这给复合材料可设计性提供更大的自由度。该文结合工程应用需要，主要对其力学性能可设计性进行了分析研究。     

Effect of Processing and Composition on the Structure and Properties of P/M EP741NP Type Alloys

A study was carried out on the effects of processing and composition on the structure and properties of P/M EP741NP type alloys. The objectives of this study were to understand the role of Hf in a P/M superalloy containing high niobium used in aircraft engines and to determine the effects of extrusion and forging the powders as contrasted to HIPing (hot isostatic pressing) only. Two alloys of the P/M EP741NP composition were atomized: one alloy contained 0.26%Hf and the other was Hf free. After the as-atomized powders from both alloys were characterized, the powders were extruded into billets, forged and heat treated. After each process, the microstructures were characterized by SEM and the phases were extracted and identified by X-ray diffraction. The presence of Hf in the residues was probed by EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy). The alloys were given the published Russian heat treatment as well as a more conventional heat treatment more typical of western powder alloys. Tensile, creep and stress rupture mechanical property tests were run. Results of the structural behavior of the alloys after each processing step will be presented and discussed. The role of the Hf on the mechanical proper- ties will be discussed.     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.     

重复热处理对1J116材料磁性能及机械性能的影响

为研究Fe-Cr耐蚀软磁合金1J116经重复热处理后其磁性能和机械性能的变化,从数理统计、磁性能理论和微观组织分析等方面进行了比较研究和试验。结果表明重复热处理可显著提高材料的磁性能,不会引起材料机械性能的恶化,且使合金的塑性水平有一定程度的提高。     

ZL114A合金疲劳行为研究

研究ZL114A合金的拉伸性能和轴向应力疲劳行为(K1=1,R=-1).结果表明,ZL114A合金的疲劳性能与美国A357合金的疲劳性能相当.系统研究了L114A合金疲劳损伤特征,分析疏松、夹杂物等铸造缺陷在疲劳裂纹的形核、裂纹的扩展以及瞬断中所起的作用,表明铸造过程中形成的铸造缺陷数量、尺寸、位置对金属的疲劳性能都有不同程度的影响.     

小角度晶界对单晶高温合金DD6持久性能的影响

在800℃,850℃和900℃的温度条件下,研究小角度晶界对第二代单晶高温合金DD6持久性能的影响.结果表明,带有小角度晶界合金的持久性能低于[001]取向DD6合金的持久性能.并且,随着晶界角度的增加,持久性能具有明显的降低倾向.晶界角度较大时,带有小角度晶界合金的持久性能明显低于[001]取向的性能.晶界角度较小时,与[001]取向相比,800℃温度条件下带有小角度晶界合金的持久性能明显较低;而在850℃和900℃的温度条件下,尽管带有小角度晶界合金的持久性能较低,但数值与[001]取向的性能相差不大,表明随着温度的升高,小角度晶界对持久性能的影响减弱.