Influence of processing and external storage conditions on the performance of envelope materials for stratospheric airships

Envelope materials are extremely vital for stratospheric airships, which are widely used in numerous applications. The influence of processing as well as the storage and utilization conditions on the performance of envelope materials has been studied systematically for the first time. Results show that the performance of envelope materials depends largely on the hot-pressing temperature and the flexing during processing. The tensile strength of samples dropped to 289.1 ± 8.0 MPa from 346.6 ± 9.3 MPa when pressed at temperature above 180 °C and helium leakage appeared. The outer layers would be worn off when flexed no matter by manual or machine, resulting in dramatic increase of helium permeability and even leakage as well as varying decrease of mechanical properties. Hence, suitable hot-pressing temperature and limitation of flexing as little as possible during processing are essential to obtain products with suitable properties. Besides, the storage and utilization conditions are also critical to the properties of envelope materials. Both naturally aged samples in outdoor storage on ground and samples recovered from actual flight on stratospheric airship exhibited reduced mechanical properties and even helium leakage due to excess solar irradiation, ozone concentration and energetic particles interaction compared with those stored indoors. The weatherability of envelope materials should be further strengthened in the next few years. This research could provide a theoretical guidance for actual practice.     

Brazing of C/C composite and Ti-6Al-4V with graphene strengthened AgCuTi filler: Effects of graphene on wettability,microstructure and mechanical properties

Graphene nanosheets(GNSs) strengthened AgCuTi composite filler(AgCuTi_G) was used to braze C/C composite and Ti-6Al-4V. The effects of GNSs on the wettability of AgCuTi_G filler on the C/C composite surface and the interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of brazed joints were investigated. The results indicate that the addition of GNSs reduced the wettability of AgCuTi_G. The interfacial microstructure of brazed joints evolved with the addition of GNSs, where Ti_3Cu_4 and TiCu_4 were converted to TiCu and the thickness of the reaction layer adjacent to the base material decreased. The maximum shear strength of joints brazed at 0.3 wt% GNSs was 23.3 MPa(880℃/10 min). Further adding GNSs deteriorated the shear strength of the joints. Fracture of the joints occurred in the C/C composite substrate and the TiC layer adjacent to C/C composite.     

C/C喉衬近净尺寸制备及性能

采用径向针刺工艺制备了近净尺寸针刺C/C喉衬预制体,通过热梯度CVI和树脂浸渍碳化复合工艺对预制体进行了致密,利用μ-CT、光学显微仪表征了C/C喉衬材料微观孔隙和热解碳织构,分析了喉衬材料的弯曲性能。结果表明,径向针刺过程形成的损伤型孔隙通道与碳源气体传输方向一致,提高了碳源气体传输效率,使径向针刺喉衬CVI增密效率比传统轴向针刺喉衬提高10.9%。预制体近净尺寸成型缩短了烧蚀区域碳源气体的渗透距离,喉衬材料烧蚀区域形成了高织构热解碳,有利于喉衬烧蚀性能的提高。径向针刺喉衬的轴向弯曲强度比轴向针刺喉衬提高150%。     

Estimation of sediment settling velocity in estuarine and coastal waters using optical remote sensing data

A robust method has been developed for estimating sediment settling velocity (w_s) from high resolution optical remote sensing data in estuarine, coastal and harbor waters. This method estimates settling velocity as a function of the drag coefficient (C_d), Reynolds number (Re), grain size (D₅₀), specific gravity (Δ_SG) and grain shape (in terms of the Corey Shape Factor – CSF). These parameters were derived from the particulate inherent optical properties such as backscattering (b_bp), beam attenuation (c_p), suspended sediment concentration and turbidity using Landsat 8 OLI and HICO data. Preliminary results for the Gulf of Cambay in the eastern Arabian Sea and Yangtze river estuary in the East China Sea, showed that satellite-retrieved settling velocities (m?s^?1) varied from very low values in clear oceanic waters, intermediate values in coastal waters, to very high values in river plumes and sediment-laden coastal waters. The remote sensing retrievals of sediment properties and their settling velocities were generally consistent with the field and laboratory results, which indicate that the proposed methodology will have important implications in various coastal engineering, environmental and management studies.     

Reliability estimation of mechanical seals based on bivariate dependence analysis and considering model uncertainty

The reliability estimation of mechanical seals is of crucial importance due to their wide applications in pumps in various mechanical systems. Failure of mechanical seals might cause leakage, and might lead to system failure and other relevant consequences. In this study, the reliability estimation for mechanical seals based on bivariate dependence analysis and considering model uncertainty is proposed. The friction torque and leakage rate are two degradation performance indicators of mechanical seals that can be described by the Wiener process, Gamma process, and inverse Gaussian process. The dependence between the two indicators can be described by different copula functions. Then the model uncertainty is considered in the reliability estimation using the Bayesian Model Average (BMA) method, while the unknown parameters in the model are estimated by Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. A numerical simulation study and fatigue crack study are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the BMA method to capture model uncertainty. A degradation test of mechanical seals is conducted to verify the proposed model. The optimal stochastic process models for two performance indicators and copula function are determined based on the degradation data. The results show the necessity of using the BMA method in degradation modeling.     

某种叉流板翅式热交换器动态性能的计算

对某型飞机上应用的一种叉流板翅式热交换器的动态性能进行了计算研究,分别用数值计算方法和参数集中方法进行了计算,给出了计算比较的结果.结果表明,这2种方法计算所得的结果很接近,但是参数集中法计算程序更为简结,适合用于系统模拟的情况.      

激光选区熔化成形SiCP/AlSi10Mg复合材料工艺及性能研究

为研究激光选区熔化(SLM)成形技术制备SiC颗粒增强AlSi10Mg复合材料的成形机理,开展了SLM成形工艺参数(扫描间距、扫描速度)对致密度、机械性能等影响情况的研究。结果表明:所制备试样中SiC增强颗粒分布均匀,并与基体具有连续相容的冶金结合界面。当激光扫描速度从900 mm/s升高到2 100 mm/s时,在不同的扫描间距下,复合材料试样致密度均随之降低;当扫描间距在0.09～0.12 mm内变化时,在不同的扫描速度下,致密度变化趋势并不一致;在激光功率490 W、铺粉层厚0.04 mm、扫描间距0.12 mm、扫描速度900 mm/s时,制备的SiC颗粒增强AlSi10Mg复合材料试样得到最佳综合性能(相对密度99.1%,显微硬度198.7 HV0.2,抗拉强度341.9 MPa);在该最佳工艺参数下,成功制备出复杂结构的薄壁零件。研究为SLM成形SiCP/AlSi10Mg复合材料在航空航天和空间领域的应用提供了理论基础和实验依据。     

低温变形对2A14铝合金组织性能影响

提出了低温变形与热处理协同的2A14铝合金强韧化新方法,借助透射电镜、扫描电镜、金相显微镜、拉伸试验机等测试手段对比分析了室温和超低温变形工艺对2A14铝合金组织性能的影响。结果显示:与室温变形相比,超低温变形与热处理协同能够大幅提升合金综合力学性能。当超低温变形量达到20%,合金内部位错密度上升,第二相粒子尺寸更小,分布更为均匀,晶粒细化显著,合金综合力学性能达到最高,抗拉强度为474.5 MPa,屈服强度为426.5 MPa,延伸率为11.6%。     

基于不完整正弦基础激励响应数据的模型修正方法

文章直接应用航天器正弦振动试验所获取的结构动力学特性响应数据,开展了模型修正方法的研究。在试验数据不完整时,需进行模型缩聚。首先对比分析了Guyan缩聚和IRS缩聚方法的优缺点和适用范围;然后以缩聚后模型为基础,推导了基于基础激励响应数据的模型修正方法;最后以GARTEUR桁架结构的不完整的基础激励试验数据为基础对归一化的结构参数进行修正。结果表明:IRS缩聚模型修正后对模态频率具有良好的复现能力和预示能力,对响应曲线的修正也得到了明显改善。     

扩链剂影响丁羟推进剂力学性能的谱系聚类研究

研究了11种扩链剂对HTPB／IPDI推进剂力学性能影响的分类规律。用谱系聚类方法分析了扩链剂对推进剂力学性能影响的相似规律,通过分类获得了不同类别扩链剂对推进剂力学性能影响的显著特点,所得结论与文献[1、23有较好的一致性,证明了结论的正确性。谱系聚类分析可为研究扩链剂的作用机理和研发新型高性能扩链剂提供一条有效途径。