空间对接机构螺旋电缆设计

对一种用于空间对接机构的螺旋电缆设计进行了研究。介绍了电缆的材料选择、结构设计和生产制造工艺。给出了材料蠕变、伸缩性能和空间环境等试验结果,均符合设计要求,并成功地用于神舟八、九、十号飞船与天宫一号目标飞行器的空间交会对接。应用情况表明:该电缆的结构紧凑,伸缩性能良好,满足低轨空间环境使用要求。     

电推进系统Xe物理特性计算方法

空间电推进系统的工质为Xe,其工作温度范围为-30～45 ℃,该范围覆盖Xe的临界点。在临界点附近,Xe可能呈现出多种形态,且对温度和压力变化十分敏感,采用传统状态方程在上述范围内计算其物理参数偏差最大可达30%。为解决这一问题,以CH₄作为参考流体,建立了一种基于对比态原理的Xe物理特性计算方法。该方法能够对包括气相、液相、超临界区域的所有状态Xe物理性质进行准确计算。试验研究与国外数据对比的结果表明,在整个压力-温度范围内,计算误差小于0.5%。     

磁悬浮飞轮与机械飞轮干扰特性的对比分析

针对飞轮在工作过程中对航天器姿态控制精度和稳定度所产生的不利影响,提出使用干扰模型来对比分析和研究磁悬浮飞轮与机械飞轮的干扰特性。通过建立飞轮系统的数学模型,得到机械飞轮与磁悬浮飞轮的平动及转动的干扰特性,比较和分析两种飞轮干扰特性的相同点和不同点,运用试验对分析结果进行验证。研究结果表明,高速转子的不平衡振动是产生飞轮干扰的主要原因,机械飞轮由于支承的固有特性使得干扰的频率成分相对比较复杂,采用磁轴承使得高速转子与支承之间具有一定的间隙存在,所以转子的陀螺效应表现得更为明显,当飞轮转速达到转子系统反向涡动频率时会产生较大干扰。     

空间机械臂关节快换接口结构设计与分析

针对宇航员在轨出舱维护需求,提出一种机械锁紧与电气连接独立操作的快换接口,该快换接口具有在空间环境下拆装快速、拆装操作力小的特点,同时满足机械臂的刚度与承载能力。该接口由容差对接接口本体、机械连接锁紧装置、电连接器组件、电连接器插拔装置四个功能模块组成。采用双圆锥面配合设计容差对接凸凹本体结构。根据宇航员舱外操作的需求选择了具有平面浮动能力的快换接口电连接器,设计浮动装置使得该电连接器具有超行程量。采用曲柄滑块结构将操作工具的旋转运动转化为电连接器的直线运动,并基于驱动力矩最小确定曲柄滑块的参数。采用膨胀锁紧原理设计快换接口结构连接锁定装置,分析预紧力衰减对连接刚度的影响。     

γ射线对低红外发射率涂层电化学腐蚀行为的影响

将环氧改性有机硅树脂用60Co源γ射线辐照处理,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, FT-IR)对树脂结构变化进行表征。制备成低 红外发射率涂层后测试凝胶分数、塔菲尔曲线以及交流阻抗来综合研究耐腐蚀性能并利用扫描电镜观察涂层表面的形貌。结果表明采取该措施可以提高涂层的交联度,在不影响8~14 μm波段红外发射率的前提下,能够改善涂层的耐腐蚀性能。     

Modeling on mechanical behavior and damage evolution of single-lap bolted composite interference-fit joints under thermal effects

This paper reports the modeling method and outcomes of mechanical performance and damage evolution of single-lap bolted composite interference-fit joints under extreme temperatures. The anisotropic continuum damage model involving thermal effects is established on continuum damage mechanics which integrates the shear nonlinearity constitutive relations characterized by Romberg-Osgood equation. The temperature-induced modification of thermal strains and material properties is incorporated in stress-strain analysis, extended 3D failure criteria and exponential damage evolution rules. The proposed model is calibrated and employed to simulate behavior of composite joints in interference fitting, bolt preloading, thermal and bearing loading processes, during which the influence of interference-fit sizes, preload levels, laminate layups and service temperatures is thoroughly investigated. The predicated interfacial behavior, bearing response and failure modes are in good agreement with experimental tests. The numerical model is even capable of reflecting some non-intuitive experimental findings such as residual stress relaxation and matrix softening at elevated temperatures.     

Microstructure evolution and mechanical anisotropy of M50 steel ball bearing rings during multi-stage hot forging

This study aimed to explore the evolution of flow lines and microstructures of M50-steel bearing ring and the anisotropy of its tensile mechanical properties after Multi-Stage Hot Forging (MSHF) and subsequent spheroidizing annealing (MSHFA). To this end, the present study mainly employed stereo microscopy, Optical Metallurgical Microscopy (OMM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) to characterize and analyze the workpiece at each processing stage of MSHF while performing microhardness measurement and uniaxial tensile experiment to test and analyze the mechanical properties of the workpiece. Macro-structure observation showed that the simulation results of flow lines at each stage were consistent with the experimental results. Microscopic observation showed that, after MSHF, deformation gradually became less significant along the outward radial direction of the bearing ring. After MSHFA, the microstructures of the bearing ring became uniform, whereas primary carbides did not dissolve. The mechanical properties were better in the axial direction (AD) than in the radial (RD) and circumferential directions (CD) after MSHF due to the smaller grain width. After MSHFA, the mechanical properties in the ADs and CDs were better than those in the RDs, which was due to the large cross-sectional area of carbides along the flow-line direction.     

基于热解过程的变热物性碳/酚醛能量扩散数值研究

为了研究碳/酚醛材料内部能量传递以及体积烧蚀过程,基于热解动力学模型,提出了碳/酚醛复合材料热物性随温度和时间的变化模型。通过热解过程中材料本身不断发生变化的密度来反推酚醛树脂、炭纤维、树脂碳以及材料孔隙的体积比,以此来推断材料的瞬态物性参数。在该前提下,常用的碳/酚醛三层模型中的分层结构可在程序内部通过对密度的判定来获取,实现了传热烧蚀的耦合计算。研究结果表明,在受热初期,热解层厚度及材料质量损失速率迅速增高;随着时间的推进,能量逐渐向材料内部进入,并在进入过程中同样由于热解吸热、气体逸出以及对外界热辐射在逐渐衰减,使得能量渗透速度减缓;仿真结果与氮气氛围下的激光烧蚀试验结果吻合较好。     

固体发动机界面粘接性能的非线性超声无损评价

壳体/绝热层界面衬层的粘接性能会影响固体发动机最终性能。基于超声纵波透射法,结合衬层样本的红外光谱图,研究衬层固化过程中超声非线性系数与微观组织结构间的关系。铌酸锂晶片的滤波特性,有效减少前端仪器的非线性,提高了测量数据的鲁棒性。实验结果表明,随着固化度增加,超声非线性系数逐渐减小,界面粘接性能越好。因此,利用超声非线性系数,可对界面的粘接性能进行超声无损评价。     

导弹非线性控制系统的自适应规律

为简化非线性控制系统．研究了某导弹控制系统的自适应规律。给出了系统的自振方程和负倒幅特性函数．推导了非线性系统的等效线性过程，分析了系统等效增益与自振振幅的关系。获得了系统的自适应及自补偿规律。