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Shaolin Zhu Dongjie Yue Lina He Jian Chen Zhiqiang Liu 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2021,67(12):3994-4010
Single-frequency precise point positioning (SF-PPP) has attracted increasing attention due to its high precision and cost effectiveness. With various strategies to handle the dominant error, i.e., ionosphere delay, the ionosphere-float (IF), ionosphere-free-half (IFH), ionosphere-corrected (IC), and ionosphere-weighted (IW) SF-PPP models are certain to possess different characteristics and performance levels. This study is dedicated to assessing and comparing the four models from model characteristics, positioning performance, and atmosphere delay retrieval. The model comparison shows that IC and IW models are full-rank while IF and IFH models have a rank deficiency of size one that will result in biased estimations, which means the better solvability of IC and IW models. The experiments are carried out based on the 7-day Global Positioning System (GPS) observations collected at 57 global Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) stations and Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) products. The results indicate that the IW model can accelerate SF-PPP convergence and achieve higher positioning accuracy compared to the other three SF-PPP models, especially in kinematic mode. With convergence criteria of 0.25 m in horizontal and 0.5 m in vertical, the east/north/up convergence times of IW model are 0.5/15.0/25.0 min and 0.5/16.0/36.5 min for static and kinematic modes, respectively. The IW model is able to achieve an instantaneous positioning accuracy of 0.28/0.35/0.75 m. In addition, a real kinematic test also demonstrates the best positioning solutions of IW model. Regarding troposphere delay retrieval, the IF, IFH, and IW models obtain a comparable daily accuracy of 3.0 cm on average, while the IC model achieves the worst accuracy of 8.0 cm. For precise ionosphere delay estimation, IW model only needs an average initialization time of 34.3 min, but a longer initialization time of 51.6 min is required for IF model. The daily precision of ionosphere delay estimation for IW model can reach up to 10.8 cm. At the present accuracy of GIM products, it is suggested that the IW model should be adopted for SF-PPP first due to its superior performance in positioning and atmosphere delay retrieval. 相似文献
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Xuexi Liu Weiping Jiang Zhao Li Hua Chen Wen Zhao 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2019,63(11):3489-3504
Precise point positioning (PPP) usually takes about 30?min to obtain centimetre-level accuracy, which greatly limits its application. To address the drawbacks of convergence speed and positioning accuracy, we develop a PPP model with integrated GPS and BDS observations. Based on the method, stations with global coverage are selected to estimate the fractional cycle bias (FCB) of GPS and BDS. The short-term and long-term time series of wide-lane (WL) FCB, and the single day change of narrow-lane (NL) FCB are analysed. It is found that the range of GPS and BDS non-GEO (IGSO and MEO) WL FCB is stable at up to a 30-day-time frame. At times frame of up to 60?days, the stability is reduced a lot. Whether for short-term or long-term, the changes in the BDS GEO WL FCB are large. Moreover, BDS FCB sometimes undergoes a sudden jump. Besides, 17 and 10 stations were used respectively to investigate the convergence speed and positioning errors with six strategies: BDS ambiguity-float PPP (Bfloat), GPS ambiguity-float PPP (Gfloat), BDS/GPS ambiguity-float PPP (BGfloat), BDS ambiguity-fixed PPP (Bfix), GPS ambiguity-fixed (Gfix), and BDS/GPS ambiguity-fixed (BGfix). The average convergence speed of the ambiguity-fixed solution is greatly improved compared with the ambiguity-float solution. In terms of the average convergence time, the Bfloat is the longest and the BGfix is the shortest among these six strategies. Whether for ambiguity-float PPP or ambiguity-fixed PPP, the convergence reduction time in three directions for the combined system is the largest compared with the single BDS. The average RMS value of the Bfix in three directions (easting (E), northing (N), and up (U)) are 2.0?cm, 1.5?cm, and 5.9?cm respectively, while those of the Gfix are 0.8?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.7?cm. Compared with single system, the BDS/GPS combined ambiguity-fixed system (BGfix) has the fastest convergence speed and the highest accuracy, with average RMS as 0.7?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.9?cm for the E, N, U components, respectively. 相似文献
176.
主要利用文[1]中的变换,将下列二阶n次多项式自治系统dxdt=g1(x)+h1(x)ydydt=g2(x)+h2(x)y(*)(其中,g1(x)=∑ni=0aixi,h1(x)=∑n-1i=0bixi,g2(x)=∑ni=0cixi,h2(x)=∑n-1i=0dixi)变换成Lienard方程,再利用构造Dulac函数的方法和文[2]中的一个定理,得到了二阶n次多项式自治系统(*)的极限环唯一性的几个充分条件。 相似文献
177.
陈治怀 《中国民航学院学报》1995,13(1):1-11
本文介绍了再次放行法的基本原理,使用方法和步骤,着重论证了该法的两个关键曲线:再次放行点相对位置对业载相对增量的影响曲线和最初目的地机场最佳再次放行点位置曲线。 相似文献
178.
本文论述了对复杂控制系统实施冗余测试的必要性、冗余测试系统的设计原则、冗余测试系统设计中必须解决的几个关键技术问题。最后,作为实例,简要介绍了我国火箭控制系统第一个比较完善的冗余测试系统—CZ—3冗余监测系统的设计及应用情况。 相似文献
179.
本文描述了宇宙飞行器以第一宇宙速度返回地面并定点着陆的控制算法。分析了在大气中下降的过程,研究了下降段上的空间运动。给出了数值计算机上的模拟结果。本报告共分为4部分。 相似文献
180.
Menger PM-空间上复合映射不动点定理的推广 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
吴大伟 《南京航空航天大学学报》2002,34(6):602-606
设(X,F,△)和(Y,-↑F,△)是两个完备的MengerPM-空间,△是连续的H型t-范数,函数Φ(t)满足条件(Φ1),本文在映射T:X→Y和S:Y→X满意更一般的条件下给出了关于复合映射TS和ST的不动点定理。这一定量进一步推广了Fisher,Sehgal和Bharucha-Reid等的有关结果,也是作者“MengerPM-空间上复合映射的不动点定理”一文的一般推广,最后给出了几个有用的结果作为本文主要定理的推广论。 相似文献