熵产控制体方法对压气机近零间隙流动损失的演变规律

以澄清近零间隙流动结构及流动损失随间隙的变化规律为目标,提出熵产控制体分析方法,可精确量化流场任意位置的局部不可逆损失.数值模拟发现,间隙在0.4%叶高范围内(称近零间隙)效率水平最高且出现一对应峰值效率最高的最佳非零间隙.熵产控制体分析表明:通道内总熵产随间隙变化规律与效率一致;间隙变化对动叶端区20%~80%弦长范围内的熵产改变最为明显,主导了总熵产的变化;间隙变化时熵产改变的流动区域不同,这是由于动叶端区主导损失的流动结构发生改变造成的.进一步结合流场结构,探讨近零间隙流动损失演变的可能原因:间隙为零时壁面剪切力是造成损失的主导因素;最佳间隙时流动均匀,损失最小.      

Cubature Kalman filter with closed-loop covariance feedback control for integrated INS/GNSS navigation

Cubature Kalman Filter (CKF) offers a promising solution to handle the data fusion of integrated nonlinear INS/GNSS (Inertial Navigation System/Global Navigation Satellite System) navigation. However, its accuracy is degraded by inaccurate kinematic noise statistics which originate from disturbances of system dynamics. This paper develops a method of closed-loop feedback covariance control to address the above problem of CKF. In this method, the posterior state and its covariance are fed back to the filtering process to constitute a closed-loop structure for CKF covariance propagation. Subsequently, based on the maximum likelihood principle, a control scheme of the prior state covariance is established by using the feedback state and covariance within an estimation window and further adopting a proportional coefficient to amplify the feedback terms in recent time steps for the full use of new information to reflect actual system characteristics. Since it does not directly use kinematic noise covariance, the proposed method can effectively avoid the adverse impact of inaccurate kinematic noise statistics on filtering solutions. Further, it can also guarantee the prior state covariance to be positive semi-definite without involving extra measures. The efficacy of the proposed method is validated by simulations and experiments for integrated INS/GNSS navigation.     

A practical filter error method for aerodynamic parameter estimation of aircraft in turbulence

It is common for aircraft to encounter atmospheric turbulence in flight tests. Turbulence is usually modeled as stochastic process noise in the flight dynamics equations. In this paper, parameter estimation of nonlinear dynamic system with both process and measurement noise was studied, and a practical filter error method was proposed. The linearized Kalman filter of first-order approximation was used for state estimation, in which the filter gain, along with the system parameters and the initial states, constituted the parameter vector to be estimated. The unknown parameters and measurement noise covariance were estimated alternately by a relaxation iteration method, and the sensitivities of observations to unknown parameters were calculated by finite difference approximation. Some practical aspects of the method application were discussed. The proposed filter error method was validated by the flight simulation data of a research aircraft. Then, the method was applied to the flight tests of a subscale aircraft, and the aerodynamic stability and control derivatives were estimated. All the estimation results were compared with the results of the output error method to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach. It is shown that the filter error method is superior to the output error method for flight tests in atmospheric turbulence.     

弹性飞行器的传感器位置设计

为了消除飞行器的气动弹性与控制系统之间的互相影响,必须适当选择传感器的安装位置。用现代控制理论的方法研究了弹性飞行器传感器的平面设置,提出了带常参数的最优过程模型,建立了旨在抑制弹性振动的性能指标。把庞特里亚金极大值原理与样条拟合方法结合起来,得到了用于速率陀螺设置的简单公式。实例分析和计算表明,利用该方法所得的结果比根轧迹方法简单、准确。     

一些评定液体弹道式导弹最大射程的新的统计方法

本文得到了液体弹道式导弹最大射程ｔ的精确解及算法，改进了原有的评定方法，并利用极大似然法及自动法给出了一般模型下的最大射程的评定方法，并给出了计算实例。     

液体发动机分级燃烧循环最高室压通用模块化计算方法

提出了一种新的液体火箭发动机分级燃烧循环最高室压计算方法。该方法按照预定的计算顺序，对发动机系统的各个模块进行叠代计算，采用拟牛顿法求解系统未知量。     

加热圆管流动热阻力及熵产的数值分析

本文利用数值计算方法,对圆管加热流动的热阻力和熵产进行了综合分析研究。以空气加热圆管为例,通过联立求解流体力学基本方程和熵产方程,获得了热阻力、熵产及其随加热量、管长而变化的关系。数值分析结果表明,加热流动中的热阻力与熵产二者之间存在着对应相关的关系。     

返回舱弹道重建与黑障区弹道再现研究

对于飞船返回舱，黑障区弹道再现是再人飞行试验气动分析工作的重要环节。利用舱上测量数据和有限的雷达测量数据重构飞行弹道，是黑障区弹道再现的有效方法。本文建立了返回舱弹道重建的数学模型，包括运动学模型、观测模型、测量误差模型，从而将返回舱弹道重建问题转化为一个非线性动态系统的参数辨识问题。给出了基于极大似然判据和Newton-Raphson迭代的弹道重建算法。对某飞船返回舱的飞行试验数据进行了计算和分析，结果证实了弹道重建数学模型的正确性和算法的可行性。通过弹道重建，不仅再现了黑障区的弹道，而且提供了可靠的、完整的弹道数据。     

基于最大值投影的运动点目标检测算法及其性能

针对低信噪比序列图像中微弱点状运动目标检测,提出了一种基于最大值投影构造组合帧图像与帧序号图像的检测算法,给出了算法的计算步骤。用建立的检测率和虚警率的分析模型,讨论了检测率、虚警率、信噪比、构造组合帧的图像帧数间的关系。仿真结果表明,通过合理选择组合帧数,该算法可有效检测出低信噪比条件下图像序列中的运动点目标和交叉运动的多点目标。     

基于熵权的灰色关联概率数据关联算法

在多目标信息融合中,通过数据关联判断来自不同传感器的数据是否代表同一个目标,传统数据关联一般采用联合概率数据关联算法,单纯依靠状态量测且计算复杂。而基于灰色关联的概率数据关联算法,能够利用目标的多个特征信息进行数据关联,且计算简单准确。特征信息一般由专家主观判断给出。提出了基于熵权的灰色关联概率数据关联算法,由量测数据自适应的给出各特征的权重系数,不依赖于专家。仿真表明,该关联算法具有很好的工程实用性。