HTPB复合固体推进剂的声发射特性及损伤模型的试验和理论研究

通过声发射（Ａｃｏｕｓｔｉｃ Ｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ简称ＡＥ）试验监测单轴定速拉伸试验试样的动态损伤破坏过程，阐述了ＨＴＰＢ复合固体推进剂材料的声发射特性，提出了具有明确物理意义的损伤变量定义，并给出了描述复合固体推进剂材料损伤发展的数学模型。     

含孔复合材料层板疲劳损伤扩展的实验研究

 本文对一种多向对称铺层的T300/914C碳-环氧复合材料含孔层合板,在拉-压疲劳加载下的损伤扩展进行了实验研究。通过研究层板刚度的变化、试样破坏前的应力-应变特性和损伤的分布,分析了试样破坏机理,阐明了损伤扩展的特征,并对一些实验条件下的分层增长给出了经验的表征。     

TC6钛合金的微动疲劳特性研究

钛及铁合金广泛用于燃气涡轮发动机及飞机结构。尽管这类合金在性能上有诸多优点,但其疲劳寿命对材料表面状态,特别是微动损伤极为敏感。为深入认识这一现象的成因,本文研究了TC6钛合金在室温下的微动疲劳特性。试验结果表明,和非微动疲劳相比,微动疲劳强度下降60％,这主要归因于接触面磨损造成的微动损伤,促使疲劳裂纹萌生和早期断裂。     

薄钢板塑性成形损伤与断裂

本文用宏观与微观相结合的方法,试验研究了冷轧薄钢板在不同应变此ρ(=ε_2/ε_1)下的损伤演变过程。发现薄板的表面损伤有三种不同的形成机制:卽孔洞的形核、长大;晶面滑移和表面晶粒转动。内部损伤存在两种演变机制:当材料-0.5≤ρ<0范围内成形形时,主要损伤机制是孔洞长大;随应变比ρ由零转向1,裂纹扩展逐渐发展成为主要损伤演变机制。文中给出了一种新的损伤断裂几何模型。指出拉伸断裂是表面与内部损伤共同作用的结果。     

飞力试验盘的裂纹扩展寿命研究

本文用有限元和Ｊ积分相结合的方法，确定飞力轮试验盘裂纹尖端参量随裂纹尺寸的变化规律，并根据材料的断裂韧性确定临界裂纹长度，最后算出裂纹疲劳扩展寿命，计算结果与试验结果基本一致，本文提供的分析方法及计算程序在进行轮盘损伤容限设计分析方面有积极的参考价值。     

腐蚀环境下多裂纹结构的概率损伤容限分析

一般环境下疲劳多裂纹结构的概率损伤容限分析方法已经比较成熟.为满足恶劣环境下工作的老龄飞机结构疲劳可靠性评定的需要,尝试建立腐蚀环境下疲劳多裂纹结构的概率损伤容限分析方法.通过综合考虑空中飞行腐蚀和裂纹扩展随机性的影响,采用对数正态随机变量模型描述裂纹扩展过程,得到可靠度-寿命曲线.通过实例,验证了方法的可行性.     

飞机连接耳片故障诊断疲劳损伤评估专家系统

连续耳片是飞机上的重要部件，其使用环境恶劣，极易出现故障引起失效。本文根据大量的数据、表格和曲线，用Delphi程序设计构造了专家系统的知识库及推理机，从静强度、疲劳强度、疲劳寿命、断裂损伤、临界裂纹及裂纹扩展寿命等方面，结合材料性能、表面加工、干涉配合、大气环境及表面强化等因素，对飞机连接耳片进行疲劳损伤容限的评估。提出了用剩余强度裕度、疲劳裕度、断裂判据、临界裂纹长度、挤压系数、耳片疲劳额定许用基准值、耳片孔边单裂纹综合构形因子、耳片几何因子、耳片试验试件系数、试验可靠性系数、置信系数和特征寿命等参数进行评估的方法。     

替损件设计技术在飞机结构上的应用

详细叙述了替损件的设计思想和设计原则，以及在飞机结构上的应用实例。主梁的疲劳试验和翼身组合体的对比试验结果表明：替损设计可以大大提高结构的抗劳品质，并控制裂纹出现的部位，为实现结构长寿命高可靠的目标，提供了一条成功的途径。     

Radiation engineering analysis of shielding materials to assess their ability to protect astronauts in deep space from energetic particle radiation

An analysis is performed on four typical materials (aluminum, liquid hydrogen, polyethylene, and water) to assess their impact on the length of time an astronaut can stay in deep space and not exceed a design basis radiation exposure of 150 mSv. A large number of heavy lift launches of pure shielding mass are needed to enable long duration, deep space missions to keep astronauts at or below the exposure value with shielding provided by the vehicle. Therefore, vehicle mass using the assumptions in the paper cannot be the sole shielding mechanism for long duration, deep space missions. As an example, to enable the Mars Design Reference Mission 5.0 with a 400 day transit to and from Mars, not including the 500 day stay on the surface, a minimum of 24 heavy lift launches of polyethylene at 89,375 lbm (40.54 tonnes) each are needed for the 1977 galactic cosmic ray environment. With the assumptions used in this paper, a single heavy lift launch of water or polyethylene can protect astronauts for a 130 day mission before exceeding the exposure value. Liquid hydrogen can only protect the astronauts for 160 days. Even a single launch of pure shielding material cannot protect an astronaut in deep space for more than 180 days using the assumptions adopted in the analysis. It is shown that liquid hydrogen is not the best shielding material for the same mass as polyethylene for missions that last longer than 225 days.     

Space radiation effects on plant and mammalian cells

The study of the effects of ionizing radiation on organisms is related to different research aims. The current review emphasizes the studies on the effects of different doses of sparsely and densely ionizing radiation on living organisms, with the final purpose of highlighting specific and common effects of space radiation in mammals and plants. This topic is extremely relevant in the context of radiation protection from space environment. The response of different organisms to ionizing radiation depends on the radiation quality/dose and/or the intrinsic characteristics of the living system. Macromolecules, in particular DNA, are the critical targets of radiation, even if there is a strong difference between damages encountered by plant and mammalian cells. The differences in structure and metabolism between the two cell types are responsible for the higher resistance of the plant cell compared with its animal counterpart.