转速比对双转子系统非线性动力学特性影响

以航空发动机双转子系统为研究对象,考虑挤压油膜阻尼器以及中介轴承的非线性力,通过有限元法和固定界面模态综合法建立了双转子系统的耦合动力学模型。利用仿真计算分析了转速比对转子系统非线性响应特性的影响。研究表明:响应中能观察到较明显的交叉激振现象;响应中除了内外转子的不平衡激励频率之外,还出现了两者的组合频率,但不同转速比情况下的组合频率不同;同向旋转情况下的临界转速均不小于反向旋转;转速比对转子系统的轴心轨迹和运动的周期性有较大影响。最后,通过试验验证了本文建模和仿真结果的正确性。     

基于旋转激励作动器的工程振动控制

介绍了振动主动控制中旋转激励作动器的概念,分析了旋转激励作动器的特点。旋转激励作动器具有易集成、低功耗等优点,适用于工程应用,且随着旋转运动的引入能够解决传统直线作动器存在的行程受限问题。对基于旋转激励作动器的振动控制技术在航天、交通运输以及土木工程等不同领域的实验研究及工程应用进行了阐述。最后展望了关于旋转激励作动器的主要研究趋势,以及潜在的应用领域。     

Structural mass prediction in conceptual design of blended-wing-body aircraft

The Blended-Wing-Body (BWB) is an unconventional configuration of aircraft and considered as a potential configuration for future commercial aircraft. One of the difficulties in conceptual design of a BWB aircraft is structural mass prediction due to its unique structural feature. This paper presents a structural mass prediction method for conceptual design of BWB aircraft using a structure analysis and optimization method combined with empirical calibrations. The total BWB structural mass is divided into the ideal load-carrying structural mass, non-ideal mass, and secondary structural mass. Structural finite element analysis and optimization are used to predict the ideal primary structural mass, while the non-ideal mass and secondary structural mass are estimated by empirical methods. A BWB commercial aircraft is used to demonstrate the procedure of the BWB structural mass prediction method. The predicted mass of structural components of the BWB aircraft is presented, and the ratios of the structural component mass to the Maximum TakeOff Mass (MTOM) are discussed. It is found that the ratio of the fuselage mass to the MTOM for the BWB aircraft is much higher than that for a conventional commercial aircraft, and the ratio of the wing mass to the MTOM for the BWB aircraft is slightly lower than that for a conventional aircraft.     

大气层外质量矩控制自旋拦截器的姿态机动效果分析

针对大气层外质量矩控制自旋拦截器的特点,建立了具有一个可任意活动质量块的拦截器六自由度动力学数学模型;并基于带有一个沿径向运动质量块的姿态动力学模型,分析了姿态控制机理及结构参数对姿态控制效果的影响,通过仿真验证了分析的有效性,为拦截器姿态控制系统的设计奠定了基础。     

质量矩拦截弹的模糊滑模姿态控制系统设计

质量矩控制是一种全新的飞行控制方法，与广泛应用的空气动力控制相比，可以避免飞行器在超高马赫数飞行时舵面的气动加热问题，而且可以提高飞行器的机动性和敏捷性。以所建立的质量矩拦截弹数学模型为基础，通过对模型合理的简化，得到一个耦合的非线性动力学系统，考虑到系统的鲁棒性要求和三个滑块的协调控制问题，利用滑模控制设计了拦截弹大机动飞行时的姿态控制系统，同时采用模糊逻辑算法抑制系统的抖振现象。仿真结果表明系统性能指标满足设计要求，只需微调滑块位置，即可以实现拦截弹的姿态控制。     

有机凝胶燃料液滴燃烧过程相分离现象

要掌握凝胶推进剂在燃烧室内燃烧特性,必须首先认识清楚单个凝胶推进剂液滴的燃烧机理。为了揭示凝胶燃料液滴特殊的燃烧机制,在考虑相分离阶段液滴内部温度和浓度梯度变化的基础上,完善并发展了一种新的数学模型来描述凝胶燃料液滴的相分离过程,并且用之研究了凝胶燃料单液滴蒸发/燃烧过程中的相分离特性。研究结果表明:相分离阶段,液滴的半径按d2定律收缩,与实验结果吻合;液滴点火后,火焰由初始位置向液滴外围扩展,火焰温度不断上升,并且逐渐趋于稳定;相分离前期,在液滴内部,特别是表面附近的区域,质量的输运较热量输运容易,而相分离后期则呈现相反趋势,这就导致在相应的区域相分离前期比后期有更大的温度梯度,而相分离后期比前期有更大燃料浓度梯度。     

凹槽射流对袋型阻尼密封泄漏特性与动力特性影响机理

采用非定常动网格技术建立了袋型阻尼密封泄漏特性和动力特性多频椭圆涡动求解模型,在验证求解模型准确性的基础上,研究了压比、转速和凹槽位置不同时凹槽射流对袋型阻尼密封泄漏特性与动力特性的影响,分析了袋型阻尼密封轴向与周向的流速和压力分布特性,揭示了凹槽射流对袋型阻尼密封泄漏特性和动力特性的影响机理.研究表明:凹槽射流增强了...     

The Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) Investigation

The Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) investigation will determine the mass composition and number densities of neutral species and low-energy ions in key regions of the Saturn system. The primary focus of the INMS investigation is on the composition and structure of Titan’s upper atmosphere and its interaction with Saturn’s magnetospheric plasma. Of particular interest is the high-altitude region, between 900 and 1000 km, where the methane and nitrogen photochemistry is initiated that leads to the creation of complex hydrocarbons and nitriles that may eventually precipitate onto the moon’s surface to form hydrocarbon–nitrile lakes or oceans. The investigation is also focused on the neutral and plasma environments of Saturn’s ring system and icy moons and on the identification of positive ions and neutral species in Saturn’s inner magnetosphere. Measurement of material sputtered from the satellites and the rings by magnetospheric charged particle and micrometeorite bombardment is expected to provide information about the formation of the giant neutral cloud of water molecules and water products that surrounds Saturn out to a distance of ∼12 planetary radii and about the genesis and evolution of the rings.The INMS instrument consists of a closed ion source and an open ion source, various focusing lenses, an electrostatic quadrupole switching lens, a radio frequency quadrupole mass analyzer, two secondary electron multiplier detectors, and the associated supporting electronics and power supply systems. The INMS will be operated in three different modes: a closed source neutral mode, for the measurement of non-reactive neutrals such as N₂ and CH₄; an open source neutral mode, for reactive neutrals such as atomic nitrogen; and an open source ion mode, for positive ions with energies less than 100 eV. Instrument sensitivity is greatest in the first mode, because the ram pressure of the inflowing gas can be used to enhance the density of the sampled non-reactive neutrals in the closed source antechamber. In this mode, neutral species with concentrations on the order of ≥10⁴ cm⁻³ will be detected (compared with ≥10⁵ cm⁻³ in the open source neutral mode). For ions the detection threshold is on the order of 10⁻² cm⁻³ at Titan relative velocity (6 km sec⁻¹). The INMS instrument has a mass range of 1–99 Daltons and a mass resolutionM/ΔM of 100 at 10% of the mass peak height, which will allow detection of heavier hydrocarbon species and of possible cyclic hydrocarbons such as C₆H₆.The INMS instrument was built by a team of engineers and scientists working at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (Planetary Atmospheres Laboratory) and the University of Michigan (Space Physics Research Laboratory). INMS development and fabrication were directed by Dr. Hasso B. Niemann (Goddard Space Flight Center). The instrument is operated by a Science Team, which is also responsible for data analysis and distribution. The INMS Science Team is led by Dr. J. Hunter Waite, Jr. (University of Michigan).This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

带挤压油膜的裂纹转子非线性响应特性分析

本文研究了支承在挤压油膜阻尼器上的裂纹转子系统的非线性动态响应特性。研究结果表明 :油膜力可以有效地抑制非协调响应 ,而且轴承参数的增大 ,可以抑制混沌运动。在较小的轴承参数下 ,转速比、裂纹深度等参数的变化会导致系统产生非协调响应 ,而且随裂纹深度的增加 ,响应会进入周期阵发性混沌。阻尼比的增大可以使运动锁相到周期解上。周期 3解的出现 ,往往意味着混沌运动。系统的响应主要是由阵发性和拟周期进入混沌的     

叶间减摆器失效时旋翼/机体耦合稳定性的变化

本文以5片桨叶的叶间减摆器旋翼直升机为例,计算了一个减摆器失效时旋翼与机体耦合稳定性,比较了失效与不失效时旋翼摆振频率、阻尼和振型的变化,分析了由此引起的“地面共振”和“空中共振”的变化特点及其变化机理,提出了避免或消除失效可能导致“地面共振”的设计方法。