主、被动振动控制一体化理论及技术(Ⅲ)--杂交阻尼

本文是系列讲座的第三篇,以智能材料组成的杂交阻尼为主,介绍有关杂交阻尼的研究成果。对杂交阻尼进行了分类,讨论和比较了各种类型的杂交阻尼,包括:阻尼层结构的配置、主动和可控约束层阻尼板的建模及性能比较;电流变和磁流变阻尼的基本概念及其在振动控制中的应用;可控压电传感阻尼的机理及存在的问题。讨论了杂交阻尼在航天结构中的应用前景及其主要研究课题。     

Parametric study of turbine NGV blade lean and vortex design

The effects of blade lean and vortex design on the aerodynamics of a turbine entry nozzle guide vane (NGV) are considered using computational fluid dynamics. The aim of the work is to address some of the uncertainties which have arisen from previous studies where conflicting results have been reported for the effect on the NGV. The configuration was initially based on the energy efficient engine turbine which also served as the validation case for the computational method. A total of 17 NGV configurations were evaluated to study the effects of lean and vortex design on row efficiency and secondary kinetic energy. The distribution of mass flow ratio is introduced as an additional factor in the assessment of blade lean effects. The results show that in the turbine entry NGV, the secondary flow strength is not a dominant factor that determines NGV losses and therefore the changes of loading distribution due to blade lean and the associated loss mecha-nisms should be regarded as a key factor. Radial mass flow redistribution under different NGV lean and twist is demonstrated as an addition key factor influencing row efficiency.     

大型工程装备可拓制造模型研究

在大型工程装备快速变批量生产需求环境下,基于可拓协同制造资源概念,提出了装备可拓制造"超网络"链制造模式,研究了可拓制造能力单元的RKCQ流模型,构建了可拓制造"超网络"链的参考模型与组建过程模型,并指出使能技术框架体系,可拓制造"超网络"链模式提出的目的在于为大型工程装备制造系统应对不确定性的需求提供制造能力储备.     

Debris swarms seen by SMEI

The large 3° × 60° fields-of-view of the Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) instruments are oriented on the stabilized Coriolis satellite to image most of the sky each Sun-synchronous orbit. Besides observing coronal mass ejections, the SMEI mission objective, SMEI also has detected a plethora of Earth-orbiting satellites (resident space objects or RSOs) brighter than ∼8th magnitude at a rate of about 1 per minute. Occasionally, SMEI sees an RSO swarm: a sudden onset of a large number of RSOs, many more than the nominal rate, upto dozens detected in a 4-s frame. These swarms usually last for a few minutes. A sample of six such RSO ensembles is analyzed in this paper in which the distance and the direction of the velocity vector for individual objects are estimated. We present the observational evidence indicating that the swarms must be near-field objects traveling in orbits near that of Coriolis, and that the relatively speeds between the objects and Coriolis are low. Further, analyses indicate that the RSOs are quite close (<20 m) and are generally moving radially away from the satellite. The predicted encounter geometries for Coriolis passing through or near a small debris cloud is, generally, quite inconsistent with the observations. The most likely explanation consistent with the observations is that SMEI is seeing debris being ejected from the Coriolis spacecraft itself. An analysis of distance and brightness for a subset of the RSOs indicates that the median diameter of the debris particles is ∼80 μm.     

转子-SFDB系统通过共振时的瞬态动力特性

 本文对一个支于挤压油膜阻尼器轴承的柔性转子升降速通过共振时发生跳跃现象的瞬态过程进行了试验研究和理论分析,探讨了油膜压力边界状态,不平衡参数、转速范围与跳跃现象之间的相互关系,所得结论对于挤压油膜阻尼器的工程设计具有实际意义。     

磁流变流体挤压油膜阻尼器转子系统动力特性

利用磁流变流体的粘度能够在极短的时间内随外加磁场发生明显的可逆变化的特性，提出了一种新型的磁流变流体挤压油膜阻尼器。在分析了各种磁流变流体、外加磁场强度和挤压油膜阻尼器的径向间隙对转子系统在非旋转状态下的频响函数特性的影响后，详细地研究了磁流变流体挤压油膜阻尼器对转子系统的振动进行控制的可行性和有效性，最后分析了磁流变流体挤压油膜阻尼器所存在的一些特殊问题。试验表明在较大的阻尼器径向间隙和较小初始粘度的磁流变流体的条件下，磁流变流体挤压油膜阻尼器的动力特性完全可以由简单的磁场来控制，并且具有显著的减振移频作用。     

直接式涡轮质量流量计的数学模型

提出了直接式涡轮质量流量计的概念,应用流体力学的二元边界层理论和二元叶栅理论建立了质量流量传感器的数学模型,并计算了涡轮轴向力的大小。计算表明,涡轮转子所受轴向力的大小与涡轮动量ρQ^2成正比。所提供的结论为研制这一类质量流量计提供了理论依据,也为设计轴向测力传感器提供了数据。     

适应飞机需求的进气预冷技术路线分析

为了综合评价高超飞机用高Ma的涡轮发动机及其组合动力的预冷技术方案,从工程应用角度以飞机动力需求为牵引,开展了射流预冷、超临界氦强预冷和燃油强预冷技术方案的对比分析。针对3种预冷技术方案的原理、技术优势、存在的问题,以及适应飞机需求的标志性技术指标开展分析和评估,从跨速域时性能、技术难度及风险、付出的成本代价和周期,以及发展前景等方面开展了综合分析。结果表明：从满足产品需求的角度出发,与超临界氦强预冷和燃油强预冷技术方案相比,射流预冷技术装置结构简单、可靠性高、总压损失小、可与进气道高度集成、供水量适度,以及涡轮发动机本身提供的功率足以驱动射流预冷系统无需额外能源,是目前涡轮发动机扩包线的较优方案。     

基于旋转激励作动器的工程振动控制

介绍了振动主动控制中旋转激励作动器的概念,分析了旋转激励作动器的特点。旋转激励作动器具有易集成、低功耗等优点,适用于工程应用,且随着旋转运动的引入能够解决传统直线作动器存在的行程受限问题。对基于旋转激励作动器的振动控制技术在航天、交通运输以及土木工程等不同领域的实验研究及工程应用进行了阐述。最后展望了关于旋转激励作动器的主要研究趋势,以及潜在的应用领域。