基于Monte Carlo的聚焦型X射线脉冲星望远镜多物理场耦合分析方法

聚焦型X射线脉冲星望远镜(XPT)是涉及光学、机械学、热学等多学科的复杂航天载荷,多物理场耦合分析对提高其在轨性能和可靠性至关重要。传统的光机热多场耦合分析(MCA)方法并不能考虑X射线能量及其反射率信息,而且存在学科间数据传递困难的问题。为此,首先基于Monte Carlo和X射线全反射理论提出了一种高效的多物理场耦合分析方法。该方法同时考虑X射线能量和反射率两大特征信息,基于有限元分析(FEA)法建立了XPT热-结构物理场耦合方程和有限元分析模型,针对不同工况进行热分析、结构分析以及热-结构物理场耦合分析。其次,采用Construction Geometry函数分别提取不同工况下光学镜头面形的形变量,并基于多项式函数对变形后的镜头面形进行拟合和误差分析。然后,基于所提方法对变形后的光学系统聚焦性能进行分析与评价,得到镜头形变对XPT光学聚焦性能的影响规律。最后,以多层嵌套的XPT为例,对不同视场角和形变的X射线光学系统聚焦性能进行了仿真分析。结果表明,在全视场时热-结构耦合形变、热形变及结构形变导致XPT聚焦性能分别下降30.01%,14.35%和7.85%,弥散斑均方根依次为2.9143 mm,2.6038 mm,2.5311 mm。通过与试验结果对比分析,验证了所提方法的有效性,可用于XPT的可靠性设计。     

基于全局灵敏度分析的侧向气动导数不确定性对侧向飞行载荷的影响

考虑飞行载荷计算中使用的气动导数存在不确定性,利用基于方差的全局灵敏度分析(GSA)方法,结合偏航机动的动力学模型,分析了侧向气动导数不确定性对侧向飞行载荷的影响。以某型飞机为例,运用该方法得到侧向气动导数的全局灵敏度排序。结果表明:侧滑角、阻尼贡献的垂尾侧向载荷及垂尾侧向总载荷受全机侧力系数对侧滑角导数的影响最大,受航向静稳定导数及方向舵操纵效能的影响次之;方向舵偏度贡献的垂尾侧向载荷只受全机侧力系数对方向舵偏度导数的影响;无尾飞机侧向载荷主要受航向静稳定导数、方向舵操纵效能及无尾飞机侧力系数对侧滑角导数的影响;偏航阻尼导数基本不影响各侧向飞行载荷。同时也验证了方法的有效性,对提高飞行载荷的计算精度有一定的指导意义。     

模型大迎角高速动态特性与数据精度分析

为满足新一代高机动飞机气动性能评估、控制系统精确设计与高机动作战指标实现的需求,模型高速风洞大迎角俯仰动态特性探索及其试验数据精度的确定势在必行,且具有十分重要的工程意义。选取70°三角翼模型、SDM和Su-27飞机模型,在FL-24风洞的大振幅俯仰动态试验技术平台上对动态气动特性与试验数据精度进行了研究,获取了70°三角翼模型、SDM和Su-27飞机模型动态气动特性与重复性试验结果。研究结果表明：试验条件下,3种模型的动态数据精度较高,基本达到了高速风洞大迎角常规测力试验数据的精度水平。     

Parachute dynamics and perturbation analysis of precision airdrop system

To analyze the parachute dynamics and stability characteristics of precision airdrop system,the fluid–structure interaction(FSI) dynamics coupling with the flight trajectory of a parachute–payload system is comprehensively predicted by numerical methods.The inflation behavior of a disk-gap-band parachute is specifically investigated using the arbitrary Lagrangian–Euler(ALE) penalty coupling method.With the available aerodynamic data obtained from the FSI simulation,a nine-degree-of-freedom(9DOF) dynamic model of a parachute–payload system is built and solved to simulate the descent trajectory of the multi-body dynamic system.Finally,a linear five-degree-of-freedom(5DOF) dynamic model is developed,the perturbation characteristics and the motion laws of the parachute and payload under a wind gust are analyzed by the linearization method and verified by a comparison with flight test data.The results of airdrop test demonstrate that our method can be further applied to the guidance and control of precision airdrop systems.     

Aerodynamic optimization of rotor airfoil based on multi-layer hierarchical constraint method

Rotor airfoil design is investigated in this paper. There are many difficulties for this high-dimensional multi-objective problem when traditional multi-objective optimization methods are used. Therefore, a multi-layer hierarchical constraint method is proposed by coupling principal component analysis (PCA) dimensionality reduction and e-constraint method to translate the orig-inal high-dimensional problem into a bi-objective problem. This paper selects the main design objectives by conducting PCA to the preliminary solution of original problem with consideration of the priority of design objectives. According to the e-constraint method, the design model is estab-lished by treating the two top-ranking design goals as objective and others as variable constraints. A series of bi-objective Pareto curves will be obtained by changing the variable constraints, and the favorable solution can be obtained by analyzing Pareto curve spectrum. This method is applied to the rotor airfoil design and makes great improvement in aerodynamic performance. It is shown that the method is convenient and efficient, beyond which, it facilitates decision-making of the high-dimensional multi-objective engineering problem.     

A dimension reduced INS/VNS integrated navigation method for planetary rovers

Inertial navigation system/visual navigation system (INS/VNS) integrated navigation is a commonly used autonomous navigation method for planetary rovers. Since visual measurements are related to the previous and current state vectors (position and attitude) of planetary rovers, the performance of the Kalman filter (KF) will be challenged by the time-correlation problem. A state augmentation method, which augments the previous state value to the state vector, is commonly used when dealing with this problem. However, the augmenting of state dimensions will result in an increase in computation load. In this paper, a state dimension reduced INS/VNS integrated nav-igation method based on coordinates of feature points is presented that utilizes the information obtained through INS/VNS integrated navigation at a previous moment to overcome the time rel-evance problem and reduce the dimensions of the state vector. Equations of extended Kalman filter (EKF) are used to demonstrate the equivalence of calculated results between the proposed method and traditional state augmented methods. Results of simulation and experimentation indicate that this method has less computational load but similar accuracy when compared with traditional methods.     

一种鲁棒的概率核主成分分析模型

大数据时代面临的数据维数越来越高,对数据降维处理越发显得重要。经典的主成分分析模型已被证明是一种有效的数据降维方法。但它在处理非线性、存在噪声和异常点的数据时存在效果较差的问题。对此,文章提出了一种鲁棒概率核主成分分析模型。该模型将核方法与基于高斯隐变量模型的极大似然框架相结合,用多元 t分布作为先验分布,以同时解决主成分分析在这 3个方面的弊端。提出混合鲁棒概率核主成分分析模型,使其可直接用于对混合的非线性数据进行降维和聚类分析。在不同数据集上进行的实验结果表明,与标准的混合概率核主成分分析模型相比,文中模型在数据聚类方面有更高的准确率。     

三浮陀螺伺服测试误差系数估计方法

为了更好地解决工程实际中三浮陀螺极轴伺服测试时误差系数估计问题,采用了Kalman滤波和递推最小二乘的方法.试验结果证明,Kalman滤波方法能够有效地估计出极轴伺服测试时的陀螺误差系数.用统计检验的方法分析了该模型以及各系数的显著性,结果显示对Dvz和Dzz的估计是显著的.     

大型水陆两栖飞机增升装置特殊设计综述

为掌握大型水陆两栖飞机增升装置工程设计的基本原理和主要技术,设计出满足较高气动力与水动力性能要求的高效增升装置,围绕两栖飞机增升装置的特殊设计方法开展了系统研究。通过对比分析两栖飞机与常规陆基飞机增升装置的技术特征与设计差异,在综合分析国内外典型两栖飞机增升装置的类型及设计特点的基础上,针对两栖飞机的快速性、喷溅性和抗浪性指标,对增升装置在使用和设计环节中相关影响要素进行了详细阐述。依据两栖飞机的使用环境以及使用要求,探讨了气动力与水动力耦合设计对两栖飞机增升装置的重要性,分析了水面喷溅、近水面效应、机构偏转限制等对增升装置的影响机理和影响规律,剖析了增升装置设计与抗浪指标的内在联系,对增升装置下偏量的选取方法给出建议。结合大量水动力、气动力试验和数值模拟数据,总结提炼出了与工程实际紧密结合的两栖飞机增升装置特殊设计原则。依据本文总结的设计方法完成的增升装置方案,已成功应用于我国正在研制的某大型水陆两栖飞机。通过风洞及水动力试验验证,结果表明该飞机越过阻力峰后未发生主喷溅冲击增升装置的现象,耐波性预报表明该飞机的抗浪能力满足预定的技术要求,从而进一步验证了本文提出的增升装置设计思路和设计方法的可行性,且具有较强的工程应用价值,可为两栖飞机增升装置的设计提供可靠的设计参考。     

基于视觉的模型烧蚀形貌实时测量方法

针对电弧风洞试验时模型烧蚀形貌实时的变化问题,使用数字散斑相关结合双目视觉的方法直接测量得到了模型烧蚀过程的形貌变化历程。利用散斑相关来进行图像数据的处理,同时综合了亚象素相关算法。通过测量获得了模型烧蚀过程的形貌实时变化情况。标定结果表明标定精度达到了0.02 mm;试验结果表明,测量方法可以为分析平板模型随烧蚀时间变化而变化的特性提供有效的试验数据。