基于相频约束的航天器定时技术

双向相干测距测速体制是最常用的航天器测量体制,是一种闭环体制.与之相比较,开环测距测速可以在信号更微弱的情况下获取到观测量,在深空任务中有着独特的意义.然而,开环测距也面临棘手的技术难题——高精度航天器定时技术.针对该难题,在保持现有航天器信号体制的基础上,阐述了基于遥测信号和测距侧音信号（差分单向测距DOR信号可看作侧音信号）间相频约束的航天器定时原理,研究了侧音频率最优化设计方法,给出了“器上发射测站接收”的初步实现方案,为后续开展工程应用奠定了基础.     

钛合金TC4粗加工刀具优选及切削参数优化

针对市场上一些适用于钛合金粗加工的立铣刀,进行了刀具优选的切削试验,选用单元材料可变加工成本作为刀具优选评价指标,对刀具的切削性能进行了量化评价。优选试验结果表明,价格低廉的焊接式硬质合金立铣刀用于钛合金粗加工的性价比较高,整体式硬质合金刀具用于钛合金粗加工并不经济。使用单因素试验法对优选出的刀具进行切削参数优化试验,得到了焊接式硬质合金立铣刀粗加工钛合金时较适用的切削参数范围。同时以不同的加工效率为约束,以单元材料最小加工成本为优化目标函数,对刀具的切削参数进一步优化,使用遗传算法对优化模型进行求解。优化结果显示,焊接式硬质合金立铣刀的加工效率不宜太大,优化得到了刀具较经济的加工效率和较理想的切削参数。     

基于局部拟合的压气机叶片加工坐标生成方法

建立了基于前缘局部拟合技术生成叶片加工坐标的方法。包括网格插值、造型逼近、局部拟合和叶型光顺等步骤。以某多级高效率高负荷轴流压气机第2级转子为例,通过几何分析与计算流体动力学分析检验了该方法。结果验证了所生成的加工坐标的几何准确性,且对叶片热转冷有限元分析,本文方法所需的网格数量比现有技术节省约75%,计算时间节省75%以上。本文方法相比现有技术可提高工作效率,更好满足工程需求。     

Robust H∞ controller design for attitude stabilization of flexible spacecraft with input constraints

This paper addresses the attitude stabilization and vibration suppression problem for flexible spacecraft subject to model parameter uncertainty, controller perturbations, external disturbances and input constraints. The attitude model of flexible spacecraft is described and converted into a state space form in terms of passive and active vibration suppression schemes. A novel state feedback controller is proposed based on the exactly available expectation of a new variable, which is introduced to model a randomly occurring controller gain perturbation. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, sufficient conditions for the existence of the nonfragile H_∞ controller considering input constraints are given based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) in terms of additive perturbation and multiplicative perturbation. Then, the developed controller subject to required constraints can be obtained, where the nonfragile property is fully considered to improve the tolerance to uncertainties in the controller. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control strategy in attitude stabilization and vibration suppression, where it should be noted that the passive vibration suppression scheme is superior for high natural frequencies while the active vibration suppression scheme is superior for low natural frequencies. Moreover, the low natural frequencies have more influence on the performance of attitude stabilization and vibration suppression.     

A triangle voting algorithm based on double feature constraints for star sensors

A novel autonomous star identification algorithm is presented in this study. In the proposed algorithm, each sensor star constructs multi-triangle with its bright neighbor stars and obtains its candidates by triangle voting process, in which the triangle is considered as the basic voting element. In order to accelerate the speed of this algorithm and reduce the required memory for star database, feature extraction is carried out to reduce the dimension of triangles and each triangle is described by its base and height. During the identification period, the voting scheme based on double feature constraints is proposed to implement triangle voting. This scheme guarantees that only the catalog star satisfying two features can vote for the sensor star, which improves the robustness towards false stars. The simulation and real star image test demonstrate that compared with the other two algorithms, the proposed algorithm is more robust towards position noise, magnitude noise and false stars.     

Investigation on surface integrity of electron beam melted Ti-6Al-4 V by precision grinding and electropolishing

Electron beam melting (EBM), as an excellent Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology, enables the printing of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy for a wide range of applications such as aerospace and biomechanical industries. It improves functionality and integrity of components and negates complexities in assembly processes. However, due to the poor surface and sub-surface integrity represented by the rough surface finish and low dimensional accuracy, achieving a favorable surface condition is quite challenging. Therefore, post processing becomes essential for these electron beam melted (EBM-ed) Ti-6Al-4 V alloys. Being the most common technique to improve such parts, milling of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy is very challenging and resulting tool wear issues, due to its unique material properties. Thus, this paper presents a comprehensive study on the surface integrity of EBM-ed Ti-6Al-4 V parts processed by precision grinding and electropolishing, aiming to qualitatively and quantitatively clarify the interrelation between process parameters and processed surface quality. The surface and subsurface characteristics such as profile accuracy, surface roughness, microstructure, defective layer and residual stress before and after post processing were compared and evaluated. The results show that by precision grinding, the profile accuracy was improved from over 300 µm PV to 7 µm PV, while surface roughness (R_a) was reduced from 30 µm to about 2 µm. The layer with partially melt particles was removed, but introduced a deformed subsurface layer with more residual stress. Then by applying electropolishing, the residual stress was released and the deformed layer was removed. In addition, R_a was further reduced to 0.65 µm. The research can serve as a reference for the integration of post machining processes with AM.     

Manufacturing With Lasers Developments and Opportunities

Developments and opportunities for manufacturing with lasers are considered in three broad themes. Process enhancements, in particular hybrid-laser arc welding and twin spot laser welding are described. Two examples of novel manufacturing processes (laser joining of aluminium to steel and laser direct metal deposition) are considered. Finally, a new laser source (Yb: YAG fibre laser) is introduced as an additional competing processing capability.     

三维工序模型的演进式构建方法

为实现以三维工序模型为核心的三维工艺构建,基于从毛坯模型到最终产品模型的演进过程,对三维工序模型的生成方法进行研究.在制造特征信息模型的基础上,结合基准信息建立了面向工序模型生成的工序信息模型.提出制造特征信息在工序模型中的映射机制,解决该模式下工序模型信息缺失的问题.以工序信息模型为模板,首先定义加工特征基元,然后通过实例化实现工序模型的变换.最后,通过集成工艺决策系统,构建三维工序模型生成系统,为后续工艺尺寸标注和工艺展示提供模型支持.     

多资源约束下航天多项目调度的启发式算法

为解决当前航天多型号并举研制现状下的资源约束多项目调度问题,首先建立了一个数学模型,然后根据模型的特点提出了一种启发式算法。建立的模型同时考虑多项目的总工期和各个单项目的总工期,提出的算法在考虑活动资源可剥夺以及单个活动需要多个资源的情况下,能够合理优化多项目的资源分配,缩短多项目的总工期及各项目工期。通过实例验证该方法能够有效地求解多项目调度问题,具有一定的工程应用价值。