未来的空间生命科学

本文分析了空间生命科学的发展战略,对21世纪初期的研究设想进行了概括,较详细地介绍了空间生命科学四个方面的内容:空间生理学和医学,包括空间医学、空间生理学、空间作业医学和人在空间的作用;空间生物学,包括重力生物学、可控生态生保系统、生物圈和地外生物学;空间站生物医学工程以及空间生物材料的加工生产。本文还讨论了各方面存在的主要问题和今后的发展趋向,特别强调了空间高枝术应用对促进国民经济发展的巨大潜力。     

质子引发的单粒子翻转率估算的研究

根据质子单粒子翻转事件的物理本质,及空间高能质子环境特性,给出了一种基于重离子单粒子翻转实验数据基础之上的估算质子引发的单粒子翻转的方法.利用这种方法计算了几种器件的翻转情况,与地面模拟实验及飞行观测结果符合得非常好.      

利用栅网控制空间等离子体环境效应模拟中的等离子体参数

通常采用ECR等离子体源产生的等离子体的温度和密度都比较大，通过附加适当目数的栅网，并在栅网上加一定的偏置电位来对等离子体参数，尤其是温度，密度进行调整，满足空间等离子体环境模拟要求，本文利用14目，25目的栅网，对已有的地面实验室空间等离子体环境进行了改进，得到了更加接近空间等离子体参数的一个地面模拟环境。     

空间站废水的处理及管理

长期载入飞行的空间站需要大量的用水，为解决由此引起的巨大的维持飞行的运行费用，需要实现水的再生与闭路循环，如何针对空间站废水的特征，解决废水的处理与利用问题，并建立合理的水循环体系是这一工作的关键，文中分析，比较了空间站废水的处理方法，设计了空间站水管理整合方案，并多方面探讨和验证这一方案的合理性和可行性。     

Interplanetary shocks and sudden impulses during solar maximum (2000) and solar minimum (1995–1996)

In this work a study is performed on the correlation between fast forward interplanetary shock parameters at 1 Astronomical Unit and sudden impulse (SI) amplitudes in the H-component of the geomagnetic field, for periods of solar activity maximum (year 2000) and minimum (year 1995–1996). Solar wind temperature, density and speed, and total magnetic field, were taken to calculate the static pressures (thermal and magnetic) both in the upstream and downstream sides of the shocks. The variations of the solar wind parameters and pressures were then correlated with SI amplitudes. The solar wind speed variations presented good correlations with sudden impulses, with correlation coefficients larger than 0.70 both in solar maximum and solar minimum, whereas the solar wind density presented very low correlation. The parameter better correlated with SI was the square root dynamic pressure variation, showing a larger correlation during solar maximum (r = 0.82) than during solar minimum (r = 0.77). The correlations of SI with square root thermal and magnetic pressure were smaller than with the dynamic pressure, but they also present a good correlation, with r > 0.70 during both solar maximum and minimum. Multiple linear correlation analysis of SI in terms of the three pressure terms have shown that 78% and 85% of the variance in SI during solar maximum and minimum, respectively, are explained by the three pressure variations. Average sudden impulse amplitude was 25 nT during solar maximum and 21 nT during solar minimum, while average square root dynamic pressure variation is 1.20 and 0.86 nPa^1/2 during solar maximum and minimum, respectively. Thus on average, fast forward interplanetary shocks are 33% stronger during solar maximum than during solar minimum, and the magnetospheric SI response has amplitude 20% higher during solar maximum than during solar minimum. A comparison with theoretical predictions (Tsyganenko’s model corrected by Earth’s induced currents) of the coefficient of sudden impulse change with solar wind dynamic pressure variation showed excellent agreement, with values around 17 nT/nPa^1/2.     

Research on a complex CME event including Hα, LASCO, radio and MDI observations

We present our research on a fast and decelerating partial halo coronal mass ejection (CME) event detected in multi-wavelengths in the chromosphere and the corona on 14 October, 1999. The event involved a whole complex active area which spanned more than 40° of heliolongitude. It included a strong solar flare (XI/1N) and a complex eruptive filament within an active region of the entire complex. Especially, several radio sources were detected in the decimetric range prior to the CME by the Nançay Radioheliograph (NRH). A linear force-free field extrapolation of the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) magnetogram was performed to calculate the magnetic topology of the complex prior to the triggering of the event. The presence of a coronal null point combined with the occurrence of two distant and nearly simultaneous radio sources put strong arguments in favor of the generalized breakout model for the triggering of the eruption. The analysis of the subsequent development of the event suggests that large interconnecting loops were ejected together with the CME.     

一种基于窄带雷达的低轨空间目标识别方法

通过分析低轨空间目标的姿态运动对窄带回波脉冲数据的调制,表明低轨空间目标窄带回波脉冲数据信号的相位比幅度包含了更多的目标特征信息。采用小波分析从实测窄带相参回波特性数据的相位中,估计低轨空间目标的整体运动趋势,判别低轨空间目标的粗略类型,并通过大量实测数据的实验结果验证了该方法判别低轨空间目标粗略类型的有效性。     

氮气分配器设计及其在模拟器中的应用

在风扇换热器组件冷却方案的基础上,提出氮气分配器通风冷却方案并进行合理设计。两种方案下模拟器的流场和温度场数值模拟比较表明氮气分配器方案下发热部件冷却效果更好,该设计方案能使模拟器内部温度保持在各部件正常工作的温度范围里,氮气最大温差控制在设计目标内,对微波布线提供了重要的参考依据。     

仪器设备间距对空间实验室机柜内部流动和传热的影响分析

为充分利用机柜内有限空间并改善仪器设备的散热环境,建立了空间实验室机柜的模型,运用数值计算方法,对不同仪器设备间距下机柜内流场和温度场进行求解,研究了不同布局仪器层平均风速和仪器表面平均对流换热系数的变化规律。结果表明,合理地选择仪器设备间距可以有效地改善其表面的散热状况,为空间实验室机柜的热设计提供了依据。     

空间交会对接CCD光学成像敏感器光学特性

以辐射度量为标准,建立了CCD像机探测合作目标光功率模型以及功率方程,得到了所需合作目标光功率与CCD像机参数的制约关系,分析了CCD像机探测到光点所占像元数与传输距离之间的关系。用超焦距方法解决了CCD像机对有限远距离范围内工作时的成像清晰度问题,采用了像方远心光路设计解决了系统测量精度问题。研究了太阳光进入CCD像机视场和照射对接口反射后对CCD像机产生的影响。