一种应用于实时深空干涉测量的电离层时延修正方法

针对"嫦娥4号"中继星任务S频段信标信号的高精度实时干涉测量需求,结合深空测控干涉测量系统采用的稀疏标校工作模式,研究验证了一种面向测控模式实时干涉测量的电离层时延修正方法。首先分析了电磁波经电离层传播的延迟机理及特性;基于深空站历史观测数据,通过自相关函数分析验证了天顶向TEC的周日特性;在此基础上,结合深空干涉测量中心数据处理设备软件系统,讨论了电离层时延修正方法;通过任务期间的实测数据处理分析,验证了所提方法可以将实时测量精度提升1～3 ns,对低仰角跟踪弧段,该技术方法优势更为明显。该方法为后续深入推进深空测控干涉测量系统在任务中的实时应用提供了技术储备。     

“龙江2号”月球轨道微卫星定轨分析

微纳卫星深空探测任务中,通常所分配的测控资源有限,因此有必要对有限测控资源条件下微纳卫星的定轨精度进行分析。以微纳卫星深空探测为背景,采用"龙江2号"微卫星的轨道测量数据对其定轨精度进行了分析。"龙江2号"微卫星只有USB轨道测量数据,且环月段测控资源相对紧张,每天有两站跟踪,共约3～4 h的轨道测量数据。首先介绍了"龙江2号"微卫星飞行任务及其飞行过程中影响测定轨的因素;其次给出了定轨的动力学模型,对微卫星地月转移段的定轨精度进行了分析;最后通过分析摄动力、动量轮卸载以及数据弧段长度的影响,给出了微卫星环月阶段所使用的定轨策略,并通过重叠弧段比较的模式,给出了微卫星环月段的定轨精度。研究结论可以为后续微纳卫星深空探测任务提供有益参考。     

一种深空粒子采样返回探测器构型设想

以太阳风粒子、深空尘埃等为目标的采样返回探测任务是空间科学与深空探测研究的热点方向之一。对“星尘号”“起源号”两个典型采样返回探测器的构型进行了分析,并梳理了其主要构型特点。结合我国月地高速再入返回飞行器的构型特点,提出了一种深空粒子采样返回探测器构型的设想：总体构型由长方形主体和流线型返回器组成,主体构型适应于承载返回器和其他装器设备,返回器构型适应于样品收集和再入返回气动外形。设计方案采用了充气式采样器进行粒子收集,具有体积小、重量轻、折叠效率高、展开可靠、工程实施简单等特点,并采用了可重复收拢展开的太阳翼,能够适应收集不同类型深空粒子的需求。     

2 AU以内的“渐进型”太阳高能粒子事件模拟

太阳高能粒子（Solar Energetic Particle,SEP）事件是影响地球空间以及深空辐射环境的主要因素之一。“渐进型”太阳高能粒子事件中的高能粒子主要来自于日冕物质抛射（Coronal Mass Ejection,CME）所驱动的激波扩散加速（Diffusive Shock Acceleration,DSA）过程。CME驱动的激波在行星际的传播过程中,其结构不断演化,进而影响到高能粒子的加速过程。本文利用二维太阳高能粒子加速和传播模型,对发生于2014年4月18日的太阳高能粒子事件实例进行了数值模拟。模型考察了黄道面上2 AU的距离以内包含地球所在位置的4个不同点,分别计算了每个点上高能粒子的通量。数值模拟的结果表明：黄道面内不同位置的观察点,与激波波前的磁力线连接不同,从而导致观察点处高能粒子的通量有着显著的差异。该模型的计算结果可以为深空探测计划开展辐射环境研究提供必要的输入。     

期望状态序列导向的深空探测器规划修复方法

Aiming at the challenges caused by the persistence, concurrency and energy consumption of probe actions, a plan repair method of deep space probe based on the expected state sequence is proposed. In this method, the expected state sequence is formed of the expected effect of the unfinished action and the expected precondition of the unexecuted action in the pre designed plan, according to the execution status of the action. The expected state sequence is an ordered set of states with mixed logic and energy, providing subgoals for plan repair and also transforming the plan repair problem into the state transition path searching problem. During the search, the plan repair strategy with energy supply priority is proposed, which separates the logic repair from energy repair to reduce the difficulty of solving the problem. And this method enables the probe to recover from plan failure autonomously. Finally, the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed method are verified through simulation by taking the Mars Orbiter as an example.     

Injection of 40-kHz-modulated electron beam from the satellite: II. Excitation of electrostatic and whistler waves

Beam-plasma interaction effects are studied during the active space experiment with electron and Xe-ion beam injections in an ionospheric plasma. Permanent 40-kHz-modulated electron beam injection occurs simultaneously with a xenon-ion beam injected by the Hall-type plasma thruster operating in a square-pulse mode (100/50 s for a job/pause duration). The unusual behavior of the background charged particle fluxes and wave activity stimulated during the beam-plasma interaction have been registered by the scientific instruments onboard Intercosmos-25 station (IK-25) and Magion-3 subsatellite. The longitudinal and electromagnetic wave instabilities and their mutual relationship are considered in order to explain the observed effects. The excitation of electrostatic waves by the electron injection has been considered for different resonance conditions near the linear stability boundary. Beam-driven electromagnetic instability is responsible for the backward-propagating whistler waves excited via cyclotron resonance. Competition of these two beam instabilities is one of the subjects of the present study.     

Plasma transport process in the equatorial/low-latitude ionosphere

The behaviour of the equatorial/low-latitude ionosphere and the transport processes during magnetic disturbed and quiet periods of a high solar activity year, 2014, in the American sector are investigated. Parameters used include vertical drift (Vz), transport term (W), NmF2, hmF2 and scale-height (H). The F2 plasma variations followed the diurnal local solar pattern, being higher at daytime. The sunset maximum and sunrise minimum peaks of hmF2 were directly opposite to the scale height (H) pattern. The plasma distribution was basically controlled by combined actions of the electrodynamic convection/thermospheric composition, which is geomagnetic activity dependent. The annual, semi-annual and winter-anomalies of the F2 parameters were higher at the dip equator in comparison with the low-latitude. The Vz pre-reversal peak magnitude coincided with hmF2 peak and the effects are more pronounced during geomagnetic disturbed conditions. The transport term pattern was similar to that of the scale height and it is suggested as a proxy parameter for quantifying low-latitude plasma irregularities and distribution of thermospheric composition.     

基于Mecanum轮配送车的视觉与磁带双重导引技术研究

针对卫星总装过程中提出的物料配送需求,设计并实现了以Mecanum轮全方位移动平台为基础,可在狭窄配送通道内快速、灵活移动的智能物料配送车。结合总装现场实际环境条件,配送车采用了视觉导引与磁带导引相结合的智能导引策略,有效消除了光照强度变化、地面裂纹、电磁信号干扰等环境因素对车道线采集的影响,最终实现总装物料从库房至多工位的自动配送。     

载人空间站概念

空间站与其它航天器相比,有很多优越性。文内详细地阐述了空间站的四大特征:①先入轨后上人,既提高了安全保障,又简化了研制过程;②具有自主补给消耗品、检修和更换设备的能力;③具有长期航天的素质;④具有可变更和可扩大其功能的性质。这些特征及其优越性,充分体现了空间站在未来载人航天活动中的地位和作用。     

控制飞行器磁特性的方法

由于飞行器结构和功能的需要,任何飞行器都会有一定的磁性。飞行器的磁性会干扰飞行器的姿态和影响磁敏感仪器的性能,因此在飞行器的设计和研制过程中,必须控制飞行器的磁特性。本文简单的介绍了空间环境磁场和飞行器的磁源,着重阐述了控制飞行器磁性的设计原则和试验方法。