Modelling of Spall in an Anisotropic Aluminium Alloy

Spall caused by hypervelocity impacts at the lower range of velocities could result in significant damage to spacecraft. A number of polycrystalline alloys, used in spacecraft manufacturing, exhibit a pronounced anisotropy in their mechanical properties. The aluminium alloy AA 7010, whose orthotropy is a consequence of the meso-scale phase distribution or grain morphology, has been chosen for this investigation. The material failure observed in plate impact was simulated using a number of spall models. The Hugoniot elastic limit and spall strength have been studied as a function of orientation, and compared to experimental results.     

载人航天可靠性与空间环境试验

文章通过对国外载人航天事故统计,分析各种空间环境条件对航天器及航天员的影响,阐述了空间环境试验对提高载人航天可靠性的重要意义,提出为了提高载人航天的可靠性,应进行充分和严格的空间环境模拟试验。     

航天飞机再入大气层三维机动飞行的最大过载和热流峰值

本文研究了航天飞机再入大气层三维机动飞行时所产生的最大过载及驻点的热流峰值,提出了一种计算最大过载及热流峰值的解析方法。在一阶近似运动方程的基础上,建立了最大过载、热流峰值与航天飞机的升阻比、再入角、滚转角等参数之间的解析关系式,由之可简便地确定最大过载与热流峰值。文中分析了升阻比、再入角等参数对过载和热流的影响,并与再入三维轨道精确解的相应值作了对比,表明此种解法具有一定的精度,可供再入三维轨道特性的分析及航天飞机的初步设计阶段使用。     

有源磁悬浮动态特性的测试与辨识

惯性仪表有源磁悬浮的动态特性实质上反映着其浮子组件五个自由度的动力学规律。针对时分式有源磁悬浮动态特性测试在工程实现上的具体困难， 基于多输入多输出（ Ｍ Ｉ Ｍ Ｏ） 系统的测试和辨识原理， 采用时分信号激励和近似的时序同步数据采集方法， 进行了磁悬浮各回路的时域测试和辨识， 结果表明， 开环状态下的浮子运动有一定交叉耦合关系， 在有源磁悬浮设计和调试中应当加以考虑。同时分析了辨识的可行性和可信度。     

深空探测器推进系统

以技术较成效的月球探测器、火星探测器推进系统为重点，介绍了国外深空探测活动的情况。简述了深空探测对推进系统的需求、我国航天器液体推进技术的现状。认为我国的推进技术经一些适应性发展，即可满足深空探测的需求，并且设想了我国近期较为可行的深空探测器推进系统方案。     

Future spacelift projections

In 1996 the NASA Advisory Council asked for a comprehensive look at future launch projections out to the year 2030 and beyond. In response to this request NASA sponsored a study at The Aerospace Corporation to develop long-range space transportation models for future commercial and government applications, and to analyze the design considerations and desired characteristics for future space transportation systems. Follow-ons to present space missions as well as a wide array of potential new space applications are considered in the study. This paper summarizes the space transportation system characteristics required to enable various classes of future missions. High reliability and the ability to achieve high flight rates per vehicle are shown to be key attributes for achieving more economical launch systems. Technical, economic and policy implications are also discussed.     

复合材料壳体磁场固化技术

环氧树脂基复合材料及缠绕壳体在磁场中缠绕和固化的技术为前苏联独有,美国只作了一些验证研究。这种技术使得复合材料加工过程中树脂基体发生物理和化学变化,固化后力学性能显著改善,而且质量更加稳定。实现该技术的设备已在前苏联应用。磁场中固化还适用于树脂涂层和粘接层。     

有限空间轴对称射流流场的数值模拟

本文在к－ε紊流模型下，采用罚有限元法对有限空间轴对称射流流场进行数值模拟。引用罚函数优化迎风格式和退化积分，建立有限元解法的数值矩阵，在不同截面上求得工，压力和紊流参数分布，计算结果与实验数据十分接近。本文研究结果可应用于火箭发动机的喷射设计和射流量论的研究。     

跨大气层和空间区域飞行器的液体推进剂管理

根据大气层飞行环境与机动飞行特点,以及空间飞行环境与液体推进剂特点,分析了跨大气层和空间区域飞行器的保证重力场和失重状态下均无夹气液体输送、控制液体推进剂质心位移、剩余推进剂空间排放和重复使用等液体推进剂管理技术要求。阐述了相应的关键技术,如包括无夹气输送、液体质心位移控制、失重状态下的流体动力、参数确定和结构设计等管理模式确定,以及包括模型参数确定、模型、状态模拟和验证等的管理模式试验。     

A Geosynchronous Orbit Search Strategy

Since more than 10 years there is evidence that small-size space debris is accumulating in the geosynchronous orbit (GEO), probably as the result of breakups. Two break-ups have been reported in GEO. The 1978 break-up of an EKRAN 2 satellite, SSN 10365, was identified in 1992, and in 1992 a Titan 3C Transtage, SSN 3432, break-up produced at least twenty observable pieces. Subsequently several nations performed optical surveys of the GEO region in the form of independent observation campaigns. Such surveys suffer from the fact that the field of view of optical telescopes is small compared with the total area covered by the GEO ring. As a consequence only a small volume of the orbital element-magnitude-space is covered by each individual survey. Results from these surveys are thus affected by observational biases and therefore difficult to compare. This paper describes the development of a common search strategy to overcome these limitations. The strategy optimizes the sampling for objects in orbits similar to the orbits of the known GEO population but does not exclude the detection of objects with other orbital planes. A properly designed common search strategy clearly eases the comparison of results from different groups and the extrapolation from the sparse (biased) samples to the entire GEO environment.