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361.
K.-I. Nishikawa J. Niemiec M. Medvedev B. Zhang P. Hardee A. Nordlund J. Frederiksen Y. Mizuno H. Sol M. Pohl D.H. Hartmann M. Oka G.J. Fishman 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
Using our new 3-D relativistic particle-in-cell (PIC) code parallelized with MPI, we investigated long-term particle acceleration associated with a relativistic electron–positron jet propagating in an unmagnetized ambient electron–positron plasma. The simulations were performed using a much longer simulation system than our previous simulations in order to investigate the full nonlinear stage of the Weibel instability and its particle acceleration mechanism. Cold jet electrons are thermalized and ambient electrons are accelerated in the resulting shocks. Acceleration of ambient electrons leads to a maximum ambient electron density three times larger than the original value as predicted by hydrodynamic shock compression. In the jet (reverse) shock behind the bow (forward) shock the strongest electromagnetic fields are generated. These fields may lead to time dependent afterglow emission. In order to calculate radiation from first principles that goes beyond the standard synchrotron model used in astrophysical objects we have used PIC simulations. Initially we calculated radiation from electrons propagating in a uniform parallel magnetic field to verify the technique. We then used the technique to calculate emission from electrons in a small simulation system. From these simulations we obtained spectra which are consistent with those generated from electrons propagating in turbulent magnetic fields with red noise. This turbulent magnetic field is similar to the magnetic field generated at an early nonlinear stage of the Weibel instability. A fully developed shock within a larger simulation system may generate a jitter/synchrotron spectrum. 相似文献
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B.W. Joshua J.O. Adeniyi B.W. Reinisch I.A. Adimula A.O. Olawepo O.A. Oladipo S.J. Adebiyi 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
The effects of some geomagnetic storms on the F2 layer peak parameters over Ilorin, Nigeria (Lat. 8:53°N, Long. 4.5°E, dip angle, −2.96°) have been investigated. Our results showed that the highest intensity of the noon bite-out occurred during the March equinox and lowest during the June Solstice on quiet days. Quiet day NmF2 disturbances which appeared as a pre-storm enhancement, but not related to the magnetic storm event that followed were observed at this station. These enhancements were attributed to the modification of the equatorial electric field as a result of injection of the Auroral electric field to the low and equatorial ionosphere. For disturbed conditions, the morphology of the NmF2 on quiet days is altered. Daytime and nighttime NmF2 and hmF2 enhancements were recorded at this station. Decreases in NmF2 were also observed during the recovery periods, most of which appeared during the post-noon period, except the storm event of May 28–29. On the average, enhancements in NmF2 (i.e. Positive phases) are the prominent features of this station. Observations from this study also indicate that Dst, Ap and Kp which have been the most widely used indices in academic research in describing the behavior of geomagnetic storms, are not sufficient for storm time analysis in the equatorial and low latitude ionosphere. 相似文献
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在轨服务是未来卫星主要发展趋势之一,在轨软件重构和硬件重构技术是其主要核心技术。基于此,首先创新移植电磁原理和"笔帽式"锁紧原理,提出了一种适用于立方体纳卫星的1U微型电磁对接硬件重构设计方案。然后,基于所设计的电磁对接机构,通过电磁力和力矩精确模型和远场模型的比较分析,明确了远场模型适用范围为对接距离大于0.1 m。最后,利用数值仿真方法,分析得到单个线圈和含铁芯的通电螺线管比值约在10-8~10-4量级,为远场模型的修正提供参考。 相似文献
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介绍了近15年国内外在磁性薄膜材料电磁参数测试方法的概况及技术特点,这些方法主要包括带状线法、微带线法、波导法及共面波导法、终端阻抗及短路法和谐振腔法。 相似文献
369.
C. Martinis J. Baumgardner J. Wroten M. Mendillo 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2018,61(7):1636-1651
Optical signatures of ionospheric disturbances exist at all latitudes on Earth—the most well known case being visible aurora at high latitudes. Sub-visual emissions occur equatorward of the auroral zones that also indicate periods and locations of severe Space Weather effects. These fall into three magnetic latitude domains in each hemisphere: (1) sub-auroral latitudes ~40–60°, (2) mid-latitudes (20–40°) and (3) equatorial-to-low latitudes (0–20°).Boston University has established a network of all-sky-imagers (ASIs) with sites at opposite ends of the same geomagnetic field lines in each hemisphere—called geomagnetic conjugate points. Our ASIs are autonomous instruments that operate in mini-observatories situated at four conjugate pairs in North and South America, plus one pair linking Europe and South Africa. In this paper, we describe instrument design, data-taking protocols, data transfer and archiving issues, image processing, science objectives and early results for each latitude domain. This unique capability addresses how a single source of disturbance is transformed into similar or different effects based on the unique “receptor” conditions (seasonal effects) found in each hemisphere. Applying optical conjugate point observations to Space Weather problems offers a new diagnostic approach for understanding the global system response functions operating in the Earth’s upper atmosphere. 相似文献
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《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2020,65(2):731-738
The history of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations has been characterized predominantly by an ongoing quest for increasingly high resolution and sensitivity. VLBI monitoring of relatively large samples of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) with uniform quality and linear polarization sensitivity are now available at the moderately high frequencies of 15 and 43 GHz. This has enabled considerable advances in our understanding of the relativistic jets of AGNs, but gaps in the available observational material remain, which must be addressed in future VLBI polarization observations. Linear polarization observations at frequencies above 43 GHz remain non-routine, and the availability of multi-frequency and circular polarization measurements is still limited. It is of interest both to push inward toward the jet base and to study details of the jets themselves on parsec scales, such as magnetic field structures along and across the jets, which are intrinsically related to their formation, launching and propagation. Requirements for future VLBI polarization observations are considered, highlighting the key role that can be played by space VLBI observations. Unique opportunities are offered by relatively low-frequency space VLBI observations that are sensitive to effects such as Faraday rotation, opacity, and low-frequency absorption. 相似文献