铝盐絮凝剂复配含磁絮体形成的最佳参数及性能研究

本文系统研究了铝盐及有机高分子絮凝剂与磁粉在高浊度原水中复合投加的絮凝效果和含磁絮体形成的最佳参数,并通过比较处理效果,出水沉降时间和含磁絮体的显微结构,验证了本絮凝方法处理高浊度原水效果更好,停留时间更短的预估,且絮体含磁易分离,为管式絮凝器采用磁絮凝和高梯度磁分离工艺提供了参数依据和高效絮凝分离一体化、管道化的可行性证明。     

Topology of the high latitude magnetosphere during large magnetic storms and the main mechanisms of relativistic electron acceleration

One of the main endeavors of the “Space Weather” program is the prediction of the appearance of very large fluxes of relativistic electrons with energies larger than 1 MeV, because they represent a serious potential hazard for satellite missions. Large fluxes of relativistic electrons are formed in the outer radiation belt during the recovery phase of some storms. The formation of large fluxes is connected to a balance between the acceleration and loss processes. A two-step acceleration process is ordinarily analyzed. A “Seed” population with energies ∼hundreds of keV appeared during expansion phase of magnetospheric substorm. A “Seed” population is additionally accelerated obtaining relativistic energies by some other process. Several acceleration mechanisms have been proposed for the explanation of the electron acceleration, including radial diffusion and internal acceleration by wave-particle interactions. Nevertheless, none of them takes into account great changes of magnetospheric topology during a magnetic storm. Such changes are mainly connected with asymmetric and symmetric ring current development. We analyze the changes of magnetospheric topology during magnetic storms. We show that a change of the magnetospheric magnetic field can be the important factor determining the acceleration of relativistic electrons.     

磁悬浮飞轮技术及其应用研究

针对目前卫星上使用的滚珠轴承动量飞轮的不足,概要介绍了磁悬浮飞轮的优点及其分类。首先综述了应用于卫星姿态控制执行机构的磁悬浮飞轮的发展历史与研究现状,重点分析了磁悬浮飞轮的主要关键技术。其次阐述了两轴主动控制型磁悬浮飞轮应用于卫星姿态控制的适应性,较为全面的介绍了我们在磁悬浮飞轮技术研究上的工作与进展。最后展望了磁悬浮飞轮技术未来应用的发展方向,针对我国空间技术发展的实际需求提出了目前应重点研究的方向。     

一种加速的参数化模型降阶方法

参数化模型降阶(PMOR)方法离线阶段训练数据的过程比较耗时,因此提出了一种加速方法。在基于矩阵插值的PMOR方法的基础上,采用组合近似的重分析技术对基于振型向量的模型降阶(MOR)过程进行加速,利用初始刚度分解矩阵生成迭代计算基向量以对系统矩阵降阶,通过降阶矩阵生成参数化模型的振型向量,对参数空间上的采样点重复整个加速计算过程生成离线数据库。并以电磁振动台动圈为例,采用普通方法和加速方法对均布采样样本点展开仿真研究,结果表明,在保证所构建的离线模型数据库准确度的前提下,此方法能减少80%以上的MOR计算时间,且随着采样点的增多,增速越明显,可以大幅度提高参数化降阶模型离线训练效率。      

一种组合磁钢叠加磁场洛伦兹力磁轴承设计方法

针对现有洛伦兹力磁轴承功耗较高、工作气隙磁场非均匀性问题,提出一种基于组合磁钢叠加磁场的新型洛伦兹力磁轴承设计方法。首先建立了传统洛伦兹力磁轴承电磁力矩模型,揭示了洛伦兹力磁轴承功耗和控制精度与其磁场性能之间的对应关系。在此基础上,引入了磁场强度均值和磁场均匀度的概念,并以此为依据设计出一种轴向整环充磁磁钢与径向分块充磁磁钢组合工作的新型方案。其中轴向充磁磁钢产生主磁场,保证工作气隙周向均匀性,辅助以径向充磁磁钢,使磁场主要聚集在工作气隙处。相比现有洛伦兹力磁轴承,在相同尺寸约束条件下,新型洛伦兹力磁轴承径向磁场均匀度提升了8.7%,磁场强度提升了51.8%,周向磁场连续性显著提高。仿真结果表明,新型洛伦兹力磁轴承可以有效降低功耗、提升控制精度,研究成果可为研制超高精度磁悬浮惯性机构提供一条新的技术途径。     

一种应用于低频电磁波通信的快响应原子磁强计

相较于传统线圈,原子磁强计作为低频电磁波通信信号磁传感接收器具有体积小、灵敏度高的优势。基于射频-光双共振原理实现原子的宏观极化和相干进动,并通过探测磁矩横向分量来获得待测磁场信息,最终实现一台灵敏度500 fT/Hz^1/2@1～5 Hz,响应带宽3.5 kHz的原子磁强计。并利用该原子磁强计作为磁传感器对频率200 Hz、磁场分量幅度10 nT的电磁波开展了通过探测磁场分量接收通信信号的实验,实现码率200/s的电磁波通信信号的接收,验证了该磁强计作为接收机接收低频电磁波通信信号的能力。     

Transient Effects and Disturbed Conditions

In the present phase of the solar cycle no big transients leading to strong modulation had been observed after 1991. Apart from a few minor disturbances cosmic rays were still recovering to a new intensity maximum. It was suggested, therefore, that existing literature from previous cycles should be critically reviewed. The scene was set by the introductory papers on— phenomenology of cosmic ray modulation in successive solar cycles throughout the heliosphere— the present state of models for long term modulation and their shortcomings— the relation between cosmic ray variations and the magnitude of the interplanetary magnetic field (the CR-B-relation)— charge dependent effects.In the discussions, the study of propagating diffusive disturbances and the CR-B-relation played a central role. The difference was stressed between isolated transient disturbances in the inner solar system (Forbush decreases), and the long lasting, step-like decreases caused by merged interaction regions in the outer heliosphere. The recovery rates following the step-like decreases vary with the phase in the 22-year solar cycle. In some cases this requires a modification of existing drift models. In the outer heliosphere, the CR-B-relation leads to the result 1/ between the diffusion coefficient and the field magnitude . This simple result is a challenge for theoreticians to derive the perpendicular diffusion coefficient fromfirst principles. The three articles in this report essentially follow the list of open points and arguments just presented.The article "Observations and Simple Models" is organised around the model of a propagating diffusive barrier, its application to Forbush effects in the inner heliosphere and to decreases caused by merged interaction regions in the outer heliosphere. Acomparison of observed Forbush decreases with model predictions requires a careful separation of the two steps related to the turbulent region behind the shock front and the closed magnetic field regions of the ejecta (the interplanetary counterparts of coronal mass ejections). It is shown that models for propagating disturbances can be used to derive values of the diffusion coefficients phenomenologically, not only during the disturbance, but also in the ambient medium.The "Modeling of Merged Interaction Regions" summarizes the dynamic and time-dependent process of cosmic ray modulation in the heliosphere. Numerical models with only a time-dependent neutral sheet prove to be successful when moderate to low solar activity occurs but fail to describe large and discrete steps in modulated cosmic rays when solar activity is high. To explain this feature of heliospheric modulation, the concept of global merged interaction regions is required. The com-bination of gradient, curvature and neutral sheet drifts with these global merged interaction regions has so far been the most successful approach in explaining the 11-year and 22-year cycles in the long-term modulation of cosmic rays.The "Remarks on the Diffusion Tensor in the Heliosphere" describe available theories of perpen-dicular diffusion and drift, and discuss their relevance to cosmic rays in the heliosphere. In addition, the information about diffusion coefficients and spatial gradients obtained from the analysis of steady state anisotropies at neutron monitor energies is summarized. These topics are intimately related to the other two articles. They are also part of the general discussion about the "Diffusion Tensor throughout the Heliosphere" which played an important role in all working groups.     

Coronal magnetic field evolution under reconnective relaxation

The nonlinear evolution of a partially open coronal magnetic configuration is considered, assuming that corona responds to photospheric footpoint motions by small-scale reconnection events that produce a relaxed lower-energy state while conserving the global magnetic helicity of the system. The results of numerical calculations for such a relaxed equilibrium show an essential role of the amount of helicity injected to the closed-field region. If photospheric perturbations are incoherent (small-scale shearing with inefficient helicity injection), the relaxed state becomes close to an initial potential field. In this case reconnective relaxation does not result in a substantial global evolution, just providing heating of the corona (Vekstein et al, 1993). On the contrary, sufficient injection of the magnetic helicity can lead to a considerable restructuring of the coronal magnetic configuration, with possible change of its topology (formation of magnetic islands), and even catastrophic loss of equilibrium (Wolfson et al, 1994)     

磁性涂层碳纤维各向异性铺层板的反射率计算

对磁性涂层碳纤维各向异性铺层板反射率的计算是研究其结构吸波材料性能的基础.本文基于磁性涂层碳纤维单向板的电磁特性分析,研究了电磁波在磁性涂层碳纤维复合材料板中的传输特性.首先推导了单层各向异性复合材料板中的传播常数和波阻抗,在此基础上用传输矩阵法进一步推导了适用于带有磁性涂层碳纤维复合材料铺层板的反射特性.利用此计算方法求解了各向异性复合材料铺层板在不同极化入射电场、材料板不同铺层层数、方向、厚度下的反射特性.最终根据以上算法,开发出各向异性复合材料铺层板结构吸波材料反射率的优化设计软件.     

A method for aircraft magnetic interference compensation based on small signal model and LMS algorithm

Aeromagnetic interference could not be compensated effectively if the precision of parameters which are solved by the aircraft magnetic field model is low. In order to improve the compensation effect under this condition, a method based on small signal model and least mean square（LMS） algorithm is proposed. According to the method, the initial values of adaptive filter＇s weight vector are calculated with the solved model parameters through small signal model at first,then the small amount of direction cosine and its derivative are set as the input of the filter, and the small amount of the interference is set as the filter＇s expected vector. After that, the aircraft magnetic interference is compensated by LMS algorithm. Finally, the method is verified by simulation and experiment. The result shows that the compensation effect can be improved obviously by the LMS algorithm when original solved parameters have low precision. The method can further improve the compensation effect even if the solved parameters have high precision.