Monitoring the South Atlantic Anomaly using ATSR instrument series

The South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) has been monitored for 19 years using the Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) series of instruments onboard the ERS-1, ERS-2 and ENVISAT ESA satellites. The time evolution of the night-time particle induced noise in the short wavelength infrared (SWIR, 1.6 μm) and visible (VIS, 0.55 μm) channels of the ATSR instrument series have been analysed. The monthly location and extension of the SAA are inferred by fitting a two-dimensional, elliptical Gaussian function to the coordinates of the night-time hot spots detected over the SAA region. The location of the centre of the SAA is found to drift westwards with an average drift rate of about 0.24 deg/year and northward with an average drift rate of about 0.12 deg/year. Irregularities are found where the drift speed is inverted and the SAA moves eastward and southward. Results indicate that, as expected, the retrieved values of SAA’s strength and extension are anti-correlated with the solar activity expressed by the solar flux at 10.7 cm (F10.7). Finally, the peak-to-peak amplitude of the seasonal variation of the SAA strength, estimated from monthly VIS data, is found to be 30% of the average value with the annual to semiannual amplitude ratio of 1.38.     

线圈法漏磁探伤的信号特性分析

本文由标量磁位计算圆柱形点缺陷的漏磁场，然后计算穿过式线圈及旋转式线圈探测点缺陷的漏磁场产生的感应电动势，分析这些检测信号的特性并得出相应的结论。     

微型无人机磁航向测量系统的设计与实现

基于地磁测量原理的磁阻传感器具有体积小、启动快、功耗低等优点,以磁阻传感器为核心设计并实现了一种低成本微型无人机磁航向测量系统,介绍了磁阻传感器的工作原理,给出了航向角的计算方法,对硬件电路和软件设计进行分析研究。转台实验表明,基于磁阻传感器的微型无人机磁航向测量系统达到了设计要求。     

Cubesat solar sail 3-axis stabilization using panel translation and magnetic torquing

A Cubesat mission with a deployable solar sail of 5 meter by 5 meter in a sun-synchronous low earth orbit is analyzed to demonstrate solar sailing using active attitude stabilization of the sail panel. The sail panel is kept parallel to the orbital plane to minimize aerodynamic drag and optimize the orbit inclination change caused by the solar pressure force normal to the sail surface. A practical control system is proposed, using a combination of small 2-dimensional translation of the sail panel and 3-axis magnetic torquing which is proved to have sufficient control authority over the gravity gradient and aerodynamic disturbance torques. Miniaturized CMOS cameras are used as sun and nadir vector attitude sensors and a robust Kalman filter is used to accurately estimate the inertially referenced body rates from only the sun vector measurements. It is shown through realistic simulation tests that the proposed control system, although inactive during eclipse, will be able to stabilize the sail panel to within ±2° in all attitude angles during the sunlit part of the orbit, when solar sailing is possible.     

俄交变中磁标准装置研究

介绍了从俄罗斯引进的用于交变磁场的国防标准——交变中磁标准装置的基本工作原理,以及对其设计方案的剖析。该标准装置工作频率（20～1 000）Hz,复现交变磁场强度（0.1～1 000）mT,在这一领域内代表国际最高水平。通过对其信号获取、磁场感应信号的放大处理、大电流的产生办法、安全互锁设计,以及整体系统理论计算的分析,为该领域内标准装置的国产化提供理论基础,具有较好的实用价值。     

Determination of reconnected flux via remote sensing

Magnetic reconnection is one of the most fundamental processes in the magnetosphere. We present here a simple method to determine the essential parameters of reconnection such as reconnected flux and location of the reconnection site out of single spacecraft data via remote sensing. On the basis of a time-dependent reconnection model, the dependence of the reconnected flux on the magnetic field z-component B_z is shown. The integral of B_z over time is proportional to the reconnected flux and depends on the distance between the reconnection site and the actual position where B_z is measured. This distance can be estimated from analysis of magnetic field B_z data. We apply our method to Cluster measurements in the Earth’s magnetotail.     

Two sources of magnetosheath ions observed by Cluster in the mid-altitude polar cusp

Double cusps have been observed on a few occasions by polar orbiting spacecraft and ground-based observatories. The four Cluster spacecraft observed two distinct regions, showing characteristics of a double cusp, during a mid-altitude cusp pass on 7 August 2004. The Wind spacecraft detected a southward turning of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) at the beginning of the cusp crossings and IMF–Bz stayed negative throughout. Cluster 4 observed a high energy step in the ion precipitation around 1 keV on the equatorward side of the cusp and a dense ion population in the cusp centre. Cluster 1, entering the cusp around 1 min later, observed only a partial ion dispersion with a low energy cutoff reaching 100 eV, together with the dense ion population in the cusp centre. About 9 min later, Cluster 3 entered the cusp and observed full ion dispersion from a few keV down to around 50 eV, together with the dense ion population in the centre of the cusp. The ion flow was directed poleward and eastward in the step/dispersion, whereas in the centre of the cusp the flow was directed poleward and westward. In addition the altitude of the source region of ion injection in the step/dispersion was found 50% larger than in the cusp centre. This event could be explained by the onset of dayside reconnection when the IMF turned southward. The step would be the first signature of component reconnection near the subsolar point, and the injection in the centre of the cusp a result of anti-parallel reconnection in the northern dusk side of the cusp. A three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation is used to display the topology of the magnetic field and locate the sources of the ions during the event.     

30CrMnSiA钢管外圆磁力研磨工艺的研究

采用化学粘结Ｆｅ＋ＳｉＣ磁性料对３０ＣｒＭｎＳｉＡ钢管外圆进行磁力研磨试验，研究了磨料成分、粒度以及研磨时间与研磨后表面粗糙度的关系，试验所得到的研磨表面粗糙度达到了Ｒａ０．０５μｍ。     

Planetary Magnetic Dynamo Effect on Atmospheric Protection of Early Earth and Mars

In light of assessing the habitability of Mars, we examine the impact of the magnetic field on the atmosphere. When there is a magnetic field, the atmosphere is protected from erosion by solar wind. The magnetic field ensures the maintenance of a dense atmosphere, necessary for liquid water to exist on the surface of Mars. We also examine the impact of the rotation of Mars on the magnetic field. When the magnetic field of Mars ceased to exist (about 4 Gyr ago), atmospheric escape induced by solar wind began. We consider scenarios which could ultimately lead to a decrease of atmospheric pressure to the presently observed value of 7 mbar: a much weaker early martian magnetic field, a late onset of the dynamo, and high erosion rates of a denser early atmosphere.     

电磁线圈发射器垂直发射过程建模与仿真

根据同步感应线圈发射器工作原理,建立了用于垂直发射大载荷的电磁线圈发射器数学模型;以5级发射器为例,对其垂直发射过程进行了动态仿真,得到了放电回路中的电流、发射组件所受电磁力、速度及位移等参数随时间变化的特性曲线。结果表明:电磁线圈发射器(EMCL)垂直发射大载荷过程中载荷的加速过程比较平稳,电流的变化率相对较缓,为几十ms量级;发射组件速度对自身所受电磁力影响较大,随着速度增大,发射组件受到的电磁推力有所下降;随着驱动线圈级数增多,各级驱动线圈放电控制难度加大。但相比电磁线圈炮的超高速发射,EMCL用于低速发射大载荷过程的馈电控制要简单很多。