Orientations of LASCO Halo CMEs and their connection to the flux rope structure of interplanetary CMEs

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed near the Sun via LASCO coronographic imaging are the most important solar drivers of geomagnetic storms. ICMEs, their interplanetary, near-Earth counterparts, can be detected in situ, for example, by the Wind and ACE spacecraft. An ICME usually exhibits a complex structure that very often includes a magnetic cloud (MC). They can be commonly modelled as magnetic flux ropes and there is observational evidence to expect that the orientation of a halo CME elongation corresponds to the orientation of the flux rope. In this study, we compare orientations of elongated CME halos and the corresponding MCs, measured by Wind and ACE spacecraft. We characterize the MC structures by using the Grad–Shafranov reconstruction technique and three MC fitting methods to obtain their axis directions. The CME tilt angles and MC fitted axis angles were compared without taking into account handedness of the underlying flux rope field and the polarity of its axial field. We report that for about 64% of CME–MC events, we found a good correspondence between the orientation angles implying that for the majority of interplanetary ejecta their orientations do not change significantly (less than 45 deg rotation) while travelling from the Sun to the near-Earth environment.     

磁选态单束铯束管束光学参数的模拟计算和设计

为提高铯束管跃迁信号强度,在束光学参数设计中,用蒙特卡罗方法模拟计算铯原子通过率和未跃迁比例。通过改变模拟计算中的束光学参数,分析铯原子通过率、未跃迁比例和倍增器首极电流的变化趋势,得到了主要束光学参数的合理取值范围。在铯束管实际装配和试验中使用束光学参数设计结果,有效地增加了倍增器首极电流。     

环电流区能量离子分布特性研究

为了考察环电流区离子的分布情况,采用环电流粒子理论模式,对环电流中10-100 keV的离子进行了模拟研究.这个模式能够根据近地注入区外边界处离子的分布函数得出磁暴主相期间环电流中的主要成分H+,O+,He+3种离子的通量分布.计算结果分析表明,在其他条件相同的情况下,不同种类离子的通量分布的形态结构十分相似.电场强度对环电流离子通量的空间分布具有决定性的作用;晨昏电场强度越强,离子的通量越高;晨昏电场越强,环电流离子的内边界越接近地球.10keV的离子在电场相当弱的时候还是存在着连续的通量分布,但他们的形态和结构随着电场的变化有明显的变化.电场很弱时,离子分布主要集中于内外两个环带,离子通量在晨侧的更多一些,离子通量的最大值基本上是在比较靠近地球的环带上;随着电场的增强,离子分布的内外两个环带逐步合并,离子的分布逐渐靠近地球,通量分布的最大值也移动到了昏侧.环电流离子投掷角分布具有各向异性,投掷角在90°左右的时候,离子通量能达到最大值.      

稳态等离子体推力器磁场设计与数值分析

首先分析了稳态等离子体推力器性能对磁场的要求，据此介绍了磁路系统的工程设计原则和方法；然后，采用ANSYS大型有限元分析软件对一个具体的稳态等离子体推力器在额定工况下的磁场进行了计算，获得了满意的结果，通过对结果的分析获得了对有关现象的直观深入的认识，为所计算具体推力器的改进设计提供了线索；同时，也证实了以ANSYS为软件平台的稳态等离子体推力器磁路系统计算机数值仿真辅助设计的可行性和有效性。     

3He原子磁强计技术

~3He原子磁强计利用~3He核自旋的拉莫尔进动测量磁场,具有高精度、小体积等特点,可以满足未来网络化磁异常探测对高性能磁强计的需求。围绕~3He原子磁强计的技术特点,重点介绍了该磁强计的基本工作原理及其硬件组成,分析了其理论灵敏度,给出了该磁强计的国内外研究情况,最后对该磁强计技术的未来发展进行了展望。     

磁场对冷镱原子光钟稳定度影响的仿真分析

在光晶格钟运行时，不停起伏的杂散磁场会引入一阶塞曼频移和二阶塞曼频移，从而影响光晶格钟的频率不稳定度。此外，突变的磁场可能导致激光频率参考到钟跃迁频率的伺服闭环过程发生不可恢复的失锁，从而阻碍光钟的持续运行。在实验中，光钟进行频率闭环锁定前，通常通过控制三维线圈对光钟主腔中心原子处的杂散磁场进行补偿。首先使用三维磁强计，对真空主腔附近的磁场进行监测和记录，以分析杂散磁场对光钟性能的影响。然后利用正态分布模型和二项分布模型等，对光钟频率伺服锁定过程的阿伦偏差进行仿真拟合。在引入实际磁场监测数据的基础上，模拟光钟频率的伺服锁定过程，分析其仿真结果可以得出：减小杂散磁场起伏和控制磁场漂移，在提高冷镱原子光钟的短期稳定性和长期稳定性方面具有重要意义。     

基于最小二乘法的磁力计误差补偿与校准

磁力计在行人自主导航系统中用于提供绝对航行信息,而航向的精度直接决定着系统定位的精度。针对目前磁力计标定方法中存在磁干扰等问题,提出了一种基于最小二乘法和"8"字校准法对磁力计零偏进行实时校准的方法。该方法先利用最小二乘法修正磁力计零偏,再根据磁力计的模值大小及方差作为磁干扰的判断条件,用"8"字旋转方式进行实时校准。通过仿真和实验验证,新的方法有效地解决了磁力计误差补偿问题,证明了改进误差补偿算法的可行性和有效性。     

Fractal Structure of the Heliospheric Plasma Sheet at the Earth''''s Orbit

An analysis of the data from the Wind and IMP-8 spacecraft revealed that a slow solar wind, flowing in the heliospheric plasma sheet, represents a set of magnetic tubes with plasma of increased density (N > 10cm-3 at the Earth's orbit). They have a fine structure at several spatial scales (fractality), from 2°-3°(at the Earth's orbit, it is equivalent to 3.6-5.4h, or (5.4-8.0)×106km) to the minimum about 0.025°, i.e. the angular size of the nested tubes is changed nearly by two orders of magnitude. The magnetic tubes at each observed spatial scale are diamagnetic, i.e. their surface sustains a flow of diamagnetic (or drift) current that decreases the magnetic field within the tube itself and increases it outside the tube. Furthermore, the value of β= 8π[N(Te + Tp)]/B2 within the tube exceeds the value of βoutside the tube. In many cases total pressure P = N(Te + Tp) + B2/8πis almost constant within and outside the tubes at any one of the aforementioned scales.     

Non-Thermal Processes in Cosmological Simulations

Non-thermal components are key ingredients for understanding clusters of galaxies. In the hierarchical model of structure formation, shocks and large-scale turbulence are unavoidable in the cluster formation processes. Understanding the amplification and evolution of the magnetic field in galaxy clusters is necessary for modelling both the heat transport and the dissipative processes in the hot intra-cluster plasma. The acceleration, transport and interactions of non-thermal energetic particles are essential for modelling the observed emissions. Therefore, the inclusion of the non-thermal components will be mandatory for simulating accurately the global dynamical processes in clusters. In this review, we summarise the results obtained with the simulations of the formation of galaxy clusters which address the issues of shocks, magnetic field, cosmic ray particles and turbulence.