Five-axis flank milling tool path generation with curvature continuity and smooth cutting force for pockets

In order to ensure machining stability, curvature continuity and smooth cutting force are very important so as to meet the constraints of both cutting force and kinematics of machine tools. For five-axis flank milling, it is difficult to meet both of the constraints because tool path points and tool axis vectors interact with each other. In this paper, multiple relationships between tool path points and tool axis vectors with cutting force and kinematics of machine tools are established, and the strategies of corner-looping milling and clothoidal spirals are combined so as to find feasible solutions under both of the constraints. Tool path parameters are iterated by considering the maximum cutting force and the feasible range of the tool axis vector, and eventually a curvature continuity five-axis flank milling tool path with smooth cutting force is generated. Machining experimental results show that the conditions of cutting force are satisfied, vibration during the process of machining is reduced, and the machining quality of the surface is improved.     

Research on uncertainty in measurement assisted alignment in aircraft assembly

Operations in assembling and joining large size aircraft components are changed to novel digital and flexible ways by digital measurement assisted alignment.Positions and orientations（P＆O）of aligned components are critical characters which assure geometrical positions and relationships of those components.Therefore,evaluating the P＆O of a component is considered necessary and critical for ensuring accuracy in aircraft assembly.Uncertainty of position and orientation（U-P＆O）,as a part of the evaluating result of P＆O,needs to be given for ensuring the integrity and credibility of the result;furthermore,U-P＆O is necessary for error tracing and quality evaluating of measurement assisted aircraft assembly.However,current research mainly focuses on the process integration of measurement with assembly,and usually ignores the uncertainty of measured result and its influence on quality evaluation.This paper focuses on the expression,analysis,and application of U-P＆O in measurement assisted alignment.The geometrical and algebraical connotations of U-P＆O are presented.Then,an analytical algorithm for evaluating the multi-dimensional U-P＆O is given,and the effect factors and characteristics of U-P＆O are discussed.Finally,U-P＆O is used to evaluate alignment in aircraft assembly for quality evaluating and improving.Cases are introduced with the methodology.     

准惯性定向探测卫星GPS接收天线安装角度研究

研究了准惯性定向探测卫星GPS接收天线的安装角度问题. 根据卫星任务需求分析其姿态需求, 再由姿态需求对GPS接收天线的安装方式进行理论分析和仿真计算, 通过GDOP值优选了安装角度方案. 仿真结果表明, GPS接收天线的轴向在本体±y轴即轨道面法向或负法向方向附近.      

中国无地面控制点摄影测量卫星追述（一）——返回式摄影测量卫星

以无地面控制点条件下的摄影测量为背景,回顾了中国第一代、第二代返回式摄影测量卫星的研制历程,给出了相机的主要技术参数,介绍了研制的技术难点。从地形图制作精度的角度评价了中国第一代、第二代返回式摄影测量卫星的技术水平,给出了制作的立体影像图和等高线图。最后,与美国、俄罗斯（前苏联）、欧空局同类型的返回式卫星进行了比较。     

基于有向点集的多面多孔式装配偏差分析与协调

多面多孔式装配是航天航空等大尺度部件装配/装调常见的连接形式之一,其空间装配关系复杂,调配环节多且存在耦合,以试错式的装配作业方式存在难度大、需反复试装与调配、装配质量一致性差、装配效率低等问题。采用"有向点"表征轴/孔配合的空间装配关系,提出了一种基于有向点集的多面多孔式装配协调数学模型,通过奇异值分解（SVD）分解法对基于有向点集的协调模型进行最优匹配运算,给出了装配调整量的计算方法。最后,以实际工程需求为应用背景,在实验室环境下进行了多面多孔式装配协调试验,结果表明基于测量数据的装配偏差分析与装配调整量计算方法可行。     

真北方位基准标定与惯导测试设备引北技术

为了标校惯导产品诸如寻北仪的真北方位,需要在室内建立真北方位基准,并把真北方位引入惯导产品和测试转台等设备。主要探讨了真北方位基准标定和设备引北的有关实用方法,例如：基于双测站的天文定向、基于同步网的GNSS定向、经纬仪对向观测方法,并给出了综合运用这些方法的技术措施和适用性,以及典型实例。20年来,这些技术已在所完成的上百个此类项目中得到了成功运用,实测结果稳定;利用双测站的天文定向方法,通过两站方位传递,一般观测3~6测回,在良好的观测环境下,一般可获得高于经纬仪标称精度的定向结果。     

Predicting Earth orientation changes from global forecasts of atmosphere-hydrosphere dynamics

Effective Angular Momentum (EAM) functions obtained from global numerical simulations of atmosphere, ocean, and land surface dynamics are routinely processed by the Earth System Modelling group at Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum. EAM functions are available since January 1976 with up to 3?h temporal resolution. Additionally, 6?days-long EAM forecasts are routinely published every day. Based on hindcast experiments with 305 individual predictions distributed over 15?months, we demonstrate that EAM forecasts improve the prediction accuracy of the Earth Orientation Parameters at all forecast horizons between 1 and 6?days. At day 6, prediction accuracy improves down to 1.76 mas for the terrestrial pole offset, and 2.6 mas for $\mathrm{\Delta }$UT1, which correspond to an accuracy increase of about 41% over predictions published in Bulletin A by the International Earth Rotation and Reference System Service.     

主流偏角对单排圆柱型气膜孔冷却特性的影响

数值模拟研究了主流偏角对单排圆柱型气膜孔冷却特性的影响,在气膜孔中心间距相等的计算条件下,在吹风比为1.0时,计算结果与主流和气膜孔都无偏角、主流无偏角而气膜孔有45°偏角这两种流动情况做了对比.结果显示:相对于主流和气膜孔都无偏角时,主流有45°偏角而气膜孔无偏角时气膜平均冷却效率更大,分布更均匀;相比于主流无偏角而气膜孔有45°偏角时,在气膜孔附近处,主流有45°偏角而气膜孔无偏角时气膜平均冷却效率更小,在远离气膜孔的下游位置处,气膜平均冷却效率更大.另外在吹风比为0.5和1.5条件下进行了数值模拟,结果也显示3种流动情况气膜冷却效率分布存在明显差距,有必要对主流偏角对单排气膜孔冷却特性的影响做进一步的实验和数值研究.      

模型变形视频测量的相机位置坐标与姿态角确定

高速风洞试验中的模型变形视频测量（VMD）要求双（多）相机大角度大重叠的测量方式,而通过现有共线方程的线性化模型难以取得高精度的相机位置与姿态角,故推导包含共线方程泰勒展开二次项的非线性误差模型,建立3控制点的VMD相机位置与姿态确定技术。多个工程实例表明该技术能取得高精度的相机位置坐标与姿态角,有实用价值。     

复杂通道类零件五坐标加工全局干涉处理方法

 针对复杂通道类零件五坐标端铣加工中全局干涉问题,提出一种基于临界约束与临界位置精细化的干涉处理方法。通过分析刀杆碰撞干涉特点,以切触点处垂直于走刀方向平面与被加工曲面交线为基础,计算刀具的初始临界位置。在零件坐标系下,建立自动编程刀具轮廓函数,基于初始临界位置,选定与刀具临近点集。在刀具坐标系下,采用距离监视的方法计算点集到临界刀轴的距离,判断干涉点集,计算与之对应的刀具旋转角度集,选取最大的旋转角,从而确定出无干涉刀轴矢量。算例结果表明,该方法能够快速确定干涉检测范围,准确生成无干涉刀位轨迹。