基于多传感融合的自动钻铆孔位在线测量方法

为了获得飞机壁板自动钻铆中孔位的实际位置和法向信息,提出了一种基于视觉和激光测距多传感器融合的孔位在线测量方法,该方法可以实时获得钻铆任务的孔位偏差修正量,从而保证壁板钻铆质量。首先,通过建立视觉和激光测距传感器与钻铆机参考坐标系间的映射关系,获得了钻铆孔位在线测量的多传感器融合模型,给出了孔位位置和法向的在线测量原理。然后,为了简化标定过程和提高标定精度,设计了一种同时适用于视觉和激光测传感器的标定板,给出了位置和法向测量的标定方法。最后,测量试验表明,多传感融合的在线测量方法孔位测量位置误差≤0.2 mm,法向误差≤0.3°,能够满足飞机钻铆孔位测量精度要求。     

Cutting force prediction for circular end milling process

A deduced cutting force prediction model for circular end milling process is presented in this paper. Traditional researches on cutting force model usually focus on linear milling process which does not meet other cutting conditions, especially for circular milling process. This paper presents an improved cutting force model for circular end milling process based on the typical linear milling force model. The curvature effects of tool path on chip thickness as well as entry and exit angles are analyzed, and the cutting force model of linear milling process is then corrected to fit circular end milling processes. Instantaneous cutting forces during circular end milling process are predicted according to the proposed model. The deduced cutting force model can be used for both linear and circular end milling processes. Finally, circular end milling experiments with constant and variable radial depth were carried out to verify the availability of the proposed method. Experiment results show that measured results and simulated results corresponds well with each other.     

Influence of longitudinal-torsional ultrasonic-assisted vibration on micro-hole drilling Ti-6Al-4V

As Ti-6Al-4V is a typical hard to machine material, especially in micro drilling aviation parts, chip breaking difficulty is of increasing interest to explore its further development. In this study, Longitudinal-Torsional Ultrasonic Assisted Drilling (LTUAD) was employed to machine Ti-6Al-4V, and its feasibility was evaluated by comparing with Conventional Drilling (CD). By combining periodical characteristics and vibration models (the separated or the unseparated ultrasonic elliptical vibration), the influence of ultrasonic frequency on the intersection characteristics of trajectories were analyzed. And the intersection characteristics were divided into four categories: even periodicity, odd periodicity, non-odd and even periodicity and composite periodicity, indicating different capability for chip breaking. By applying the longitudinal-torsional compound vibration horn, the micro-hole drilling experiment was carried out on machining center. The chip morphology, the thrust force, and the burr height were discussed. Experimental results showed that the morphology of chips presented as smaller and more fragmentary ones in LTUAD compared with continuous helical conical ones and fold-shaped ones in CD. Compared with CD, the average values of the thrust force in LTUAD reduced by 1.98% to 24.9%. According to the burr around the hole exit in both LTUAD and CD, the height of the latter was greatly affected by the drilling parameters. And the burr around the exit of the hole were distributed rather evenly with smaller extension in LTUAD. Consequently, the LTUAD employed in micro-hole drilling was effective.     

高低频复合振动钻削CFRP/钛合金叠层结构试验

针对碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）和钛合金叠层结构在传统钻削过程中切削温度高、加工质量差等问题,基于低频振动钻削和高频（超声）振动钻削的优势,提出了高低频复合振动钻削的加工方法。采用自主研制的高低频复合振动钻削装置,对CFRP/钛合金叠层结构进行了制孔试验,对比研究了普通钻削、超声钻削、低频振动钻削和高低频复合振动钻削4种方式下的切削力、钛合金切屑形貌、切削温度和CFRP孔加工质量。结果表明：4种加工方式中,高低频复合振动钻削的轴向力波动相对较大,切削温度显著降低,产生的钛合金切屑呈不连续扇形且整体尺寸最小,CFRP孔出入口及孔壁的损伤程度最低,显著提高了加工质量,为复合材料叠层结构一体化制孔加工提供了指导意义。     

碳/环氧复合材料钻削力影响因素的研究

针对碳/环氧复合材料进行了钻孔技术、尤其是高速钻孔技术的研究，紧密结合工程应用的现状，对钻削力及其影响因素进行了较为全面和系统的研究。结果表明：进给量是影响钻削力的主导因素，进给量越大，钻削力越大；进给量越小，钻削力越小。转速、钻尖直径及材料厚度对钻削力也有一定影响，但控制进给量是控制钻削力的最有效措施。     

小孔钻削加工自适应控制

应用装在钻床夹具与工作台之间的测扭、测力压电晶体传感器,同时测量轴向力与扭矩的变化值, 根据所测扭矩、轴向力大小调整钻削进给量,控制钻头轴向进退及排屑,从而保证小孔、深孔的加工效率与可靠性。     

一种新的含转角自由度的四节点杂交元

基于组合杂交变分原理,使用含转角自由度的位移插值和CH(0-1)元应力模式,得到CHD(0-1)单元.它既满足杂交方法所要求的inf-sup条件,又有较高的位移、应力精度;和普通的八节点二次单元相比计算花费少;对单元几何形状不敏感;能很好地模拟弯曲变形.数值试验结果支持了本文结论.     

关于飞机数字化装配对接技术的研究

飞机部件对接技术是把构成飞机基本结构的各个部件连接在一起,形成机身、机翼或整个飞机的过程。近年来,随着数控加工技术、激光测量技术、计算机控制技术、机器人技术、计算机网络和应用集成技术的迅猛发展,飞机装配由人工装配转化为半自动化、自动化装配。     

大型飞机壁板组件先进装配技术

随着技术引进与柔性工艺装备的研发,壁板组件装配已经初步应用自动钻铆系统.但是制造企业仍然采用传统的刚性工装工艺流程设计和单独的自动钻铆工艺设计,并没有研发、设计面向自动钻铆机的柔性工装,从而未能充分利用自动钻铆系统.针对壁板组件装配现状,采用预装配与全自动钻铆机相结合的工艺流程方案,基于PDM的一体化工艺设计方案,实现三维MBD技术的工艺设计集成管理.开展了壁板组件装配先进自动钻铆技术及钻铆过程的应用研究,初步研究了自动钻铆机与柔性工装集成并铆接装配壁板组件技术,并阐述了壁板组件快速装配过程中仿真技术的应用,为大型飞机壁板组件快速精确装配提供参考.     

碳纤维增强复合材料铣削和钻孔技术研究进展

碳纤维增强复合材料(特别是碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料和碳/碳复合材料)具有比强度和比模量高、耐高温、抗腐蚀等特点,被广泛应用于航空航天等领域.由于碳纤维增强复合材料硬度高、脆性大、层间剪切强度低等特点,使其在加工中容易出现毛刺、分层、撕裂等加工缺陷,并且刀具磨损快、耐用度低.针对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料和碳/碳复合材料的加工问题,从铣削和钻削两个方面讨论了加工参数、加工刀具、切削力预测以及超声振动钻孔和螺旋铣孔等方面的技术,总结了目前提高碳纤维增强复合材料加工质量的工艺方法.