地球弓激波的三维模拟

利用磁流体动力学(MHD)全球模拟结果,根据弓激波的跃变特性确定出弓激波位置,建立了一个新的综合考虑了快磁声马赫数、太阳风动压、行星际磁场强度以及磁层顶曲率半径的弓激波三维位型模型.将新模型与以往模型的模拟结果进行比较发现,新的弓激波全球模型结果可靠,解决了部分现有模型不能描述弓激波三维位型的问题.研究结果表明,在行星际磁场北向时,随着快磁声马赫数的增大,弓激波日下点距离减小,但是在行星际磁场南向时,快磁声马赫数的变化对弓激波日下点距离影响不大;弓激波位型在赤道面与子午面上存在明显的不对称性,而且随着行星际磁场的转向,这种非对称性也会发生相应改变;行星际磁场南向,B_z值较小时,子午面内弓激波位型已经不是简单的抛物线,出现了明显的类似于极尖区磁层顶的凹陷变化区.      

马赫数1.95超声速欠膨胀喷流声辐射数值分析

针对马赫数为1.95的欠膨胀超声速喷流声辐射特性,采用高精度计算格式的大涡模拟（LES）方法进行数值研究。通过对喷流平均流及湍流脉动统计结果的对比,确定数值方法的精确性。细致分析了超声速喷流流动特征,特别关注了其中激波胞格和湍流相互作用现象。基于流动与声场辐射间的关联性,分析了超声速喷流马赫波、宽频激波噪声辐射特性及形成机理。数值结果表明超声速喷流的剪切层演化及激波胞格与湍流间的相互作用构成欠膨胀超声速喷流的主要噪声源。     

马赫数可控的方转圆内收缩进气道非设计点工作特性

基于反正切马赫数分布的弥散反射激波中心体轴对称基准流场,设计了方转圆内收缩进气道,并对其进行风洞试验和数值仿真研究,获得该进气道非设计点（Ma=5.0和Ma=7.0）的工作特性和自起动特性。试验结果表明：进气道顶板压力分布具有反正切曲线特征,出口涡流区小且总体性能优良。Ma=5.0和Ma=7.0时出口总压恢复系数分别为0.647和0.443,对应的增压比分别为20.0和32.7。Ma=5.0时,进气道不但可以捕获约90%的自由来流,而且能够自起动（内收缩比高于Kantrowitz限制）,下临界反压为64倍来流静压,对应的出口马赫数和总压恢复系数分别为1.32和0.409。上述结果表明,本文设计方法可以获得高性能的矩形转圆内收缩进气道。     

Reflection of a moving shock wave over an oblique shock wave

The reflection of a moving shock wave over a wedge immersed in a still gas and the reflection of a wedge induced steady shock wave over symmetrical and asymmetrical reflecting surfaces have received intensive considerations since more than 70 years ago. Here we consider a different shock reflection problem—reflection of a moving shock wave over an initially steady oblique shock wave induced by a wedge immersed in supersonic flow. For the flow condition we considered, five moving triple points, with each connecting an incident shock wave, a reflected shock wave and a Mach stem, are identified. By using the reference frame co-moving with each triple point, the type of each shock wave of this triple point is clarified. The present study is significant in that it treats a new shock reflection problem leading to a new shock reflection configuration and showing potential applications in supersonic flow with unsteady shock interaction.     

Influence of shock wave impinging region on supersonic film cooling

Shock waves can significantly affect the film cooling for supersonic flow and shock waves may have different influence when impinging in different regions. The present study numerically compared the results of shock wave impinging in three different regions and analyzed the effect of impinging region. The shock wave generators were located at x/s = 5, 25, 45 with 4°, 7° and 10° shock wave incidence. The mainstream Mach number was 3.2 and the coolant Mach number was 1.2 or 1.5. The numerical results illustrated that the shock wave impinged in the further upstream region led to a larger high-pressure region and a larger vortex in the boundary layer. Moreover, placing the shock wave generator upstream resulted in the lower mass fraction of coolant in the downstream region. The velocity in the upstream part of the cooling layer was lower than the midstream and downstream part, which resulted in the less ability to resist the shock wave impingement. Therefore, the upstream impingement deteriorated the cooling performance to a greater extent. The study also manifested that the stronger shock wave had a larger effect on supersonic film cooling. Increasing the coolant inlet Mach number can increase the blowing ratio and reduce the mixing, which was of benefit to improve cooling effect.     

马赫数10超燃冲压发动机激波风洞实验研究

基于室温氢气驱动激波风洞实现总压28MPa、总焓4.7MJ/kg、名义马赫数10超声速空气自由来流模拟,开展二维超燃冲压发动机自由射流点火实验,实现稳定燃烧,燃烧持续时间5ms。通过此次试验,探索尝试了马赫数10超燃冲压发动机地面点火燃烧试验技术,初步获得了高马赫超燃冲压发动机点火/燃烧过程参数和基本现象规律。试验中,采用高速相机完整记录了氢气喷注、着火、燃烧现象和燃烧持续过程,采用高频压力传感器和热电偶进行沿程壁面压力和热流测量。研究结果表明,马赫数10自由来流条件下,气态氢燃料垂直喷入超声速来流能够实现自点火,并发生剧烈燃烧,燃烧区域压力上升幅度40%,壁面热流上升幅度达100%。     

应用于毫米波反射计的多项式校准方法

为了在毫米波波段准确测量波导器件的反射系数,提出了一种应用在反射系数测试前端(反射计)中的校准方法.该校准方法采用基于多项式的误差模型,使得每一个误差项的求解都转化成一个求解轨迹圆圆心的问题,同时不影响求解精度.采用一个滑动负载、一个滑动短路和一个短路器,在毫米波波段降低了对标准件理想程度的要求.实验中搭建了一个Ka波段的反射计,图解误差项的求解过程,分析了误差项的物理意义.把校准后的测量结果与商用矢量网络分析仪(VNA,Vector Network Analyzer)进行比较,吻合较好.同样比较了一组W波段反射计对波纹喇叭的测量结果,进一步验证了方法的合理性.      

旋翼翼型低Ma数动态失速特性计算

低Ma数下,翼型前缘涡强度的增加和移动使法向力系数产生很大的超调量,Beddoes通过增加一项与延迟后后缘分离点有关项来模拟该特性,并改进Leishman-Beddoes二维翼型动态失速模型。在此基础上,本文在非定常法向力系数中引入一阶延迟,推迟失速判断点,得到修正后模型;而后,通过计算NACA0012、OA207翼型在低Ma数下的非定常气动力,并与实验结果进行对比,验证了模型在计算翼型低Ma数下非定常气动力的准确性,并分析了折合频率、迎角平均值、振幅对计算结果的影响。     

软件定义的GNSS反射信号接收机设计

分析了导航卫星反射信号的特点,给出了反射信号软件接收机的总体结构及其主要模块,主要包括接收直射和反射信号的天线、射频前端和高速A/D变换器,以及数据处理用的计算机.重点介绍了反射信号处理的基本过程,其中主要讨论了本地反射信号C/A码的生成模式,在此基础上分析了反射信号相关功率的计算方法,并给出了具体的仿真计算实例.设计了反射信号处理的具体实现软件,包括详细的流程图,关键参数和主要函数的定义及用户界面,利用实际采集的数据进行了验证,结果表明所设计的反射信号接收机运行稳定,能根据用户输入的不同参数提供导航卫星反射信号的相关功率输出.     

Snow-covered lake ice in GPS multipath reception – Theory and measurement

Speculary reflected signals from the ground can significantly affect the performance of Global Positioning System receivers. For this type of multipath condition, the received powers are primarily the sum of the speculary reflected and direct signals. These reflected signals can provide useful information about the land-surface composition. In this paper, we discuss the special case of a snow-covered frozen lake, with incident energy at 1.57542 GHz with right-hand circularly polarization at elevation angles between 2° and 40°. The relative received powers are computed and measured for various thicknesses of lake ice. The received powers for both theory and measurement have the same behavior throughout a range of elevation angles. The potential for inferring lake ice thickness is explored for a snow-covered lake ice case study.