Real-time clock comparison and monitoring with multi-GNSS precise point positioning: GPS,GLONASS and Galileo

The precise point positioning (PPP) technique is widely used in time and frequency applications. Because of the real-time service (RTS) project of the International GNSS Service, we can use the PPP technique for real-time clock comparison and monitoring. As a participant in the RTS, the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) implements the PPPWIZARD (Precise Point Positioning with Integer and Zero-difference Ambiguity Resolution Demonstrator) project to validate carrier phase ambiguity resolution. Unlike the Integer-PPP (IPPP) of the CNES, fixing ambiguities in the post-processing mode, the PPPWIZARD operates in the real-time mode, which is also called real-time IPPP (RT-IPPP). This paper focuses on applying the RT-IPPP for real-time clock comparison and monitoring. We review the principle of real-time clock comparison and monitoring, and introduce the methodology of the RT-IPPP technique. The observations of GPS, GLONASS and Galileo were processed for the experiments. Five processing modes were provided in the experiment to analyze the benefits of ambiguity resolution and multi-GNSS. In the clock comparison experiment, the average reduction ratios of standard deviations with respect to the G PPP mode range from 9.7% to 35.0%. In the clock monitoring experiment, G PPP mode can detect clock jumps whose magnitudes are larger than 0.9 ns. The RT-IPPP technique with GRE PPP AR (G) mode allows for the detection of any clock jumps larger than 0.6 ns. For frequency monitoring, G PPP mode allows detection of frequency changes larger than 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁴. When the RT-IPPP technique is applied, monitoring with GRE PPP AR (G) mode can detect frequency changes larger than 6.1 × 10⁻¹⁵.     

Latitudinal distribution of solar coronal active regions

We studied the cyclic evolution of the latitudinal distribution of solar coronal active regions based on daily images from SOHO EIT for the period 1995–2017. Fully automated software was used, which included the following steps: initial preparation of images in the data series, normalization of histograms and correction of limb brightening, segmentation of images using threshold intensity values obtained from their histograms, scanning of segmented images in heliographic coordinates and obtaining profiles of latitudinal distribution of coronal active regions for each image of the data series. From the output data, we obtained a temporary change in the latitudinal distribution profiles and the migration of activity centers on the solar disk. From the period of minimum activity to the next minimum in both hemispheres, activity centers begin to migrate from high latitudes towards the equator. At the same time, the general center of activity repeatedly changes the direction of migration. The latitudinal distribution of the so-called presence factor of coronal active regions closely resembles the magnetic butterfly diagram, which proves their direct causal relationships. Variations in the presence factor of coronal active regions are correlated with cyclic variations in the sunspot daily numbers.     

机载嵌入式可重构信号处理系统设计

为使机载嵌入式信号处理系统性能更加均衡,更好地适应机载嵌入式环境,在比较三种传统的机栽信号处理系统架构的基础上,提出了一种系统可伸缩、功能可重构的信号处理系统架构,并分析了其系统特性和关键技术。从可编程能力、处理性能、通用性以及可扩展性等方面比较了三种信号处理系统架构,结果表明:可重构信号处理系统架构具有较强的综合性能,能更好地满足机载嵌入式应用的需求。     

我国饮料广告中女性形象的符号学解析

从符号学角度出发,以我国饮料广告中女性形象为分析对象,进行解析,提出女性形象的新类型,并从符号学角度对其所指、能指进行了解读。     

Direct position determination using single moving rotating linear array: Noncoherent and coherent processing

To improve the resolution and accuracy of Direct Position Determination (DPD), this paper investigates the problem of positioning multiple emitters directly with a single moving Rotating Linear Array (RLA). Firstly, the geometry of the RLA is formulated and analysed. According to its geometry, the intercepted noncoherent signals in multiple interception intervals are modeled. Correspondingly, the MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) based noncoherent DPD approach is proposed. Secondly, the synchronous coherent pulse signals are individually considered and formulated. And the coherent DPD approach which aims for localizing this special type of signal is presented by stacking all array responses at different interception intervals. Besides, we also derive the constrained Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) expression for both noncoherent and coherent DPD with RLA under the constraint that the altitudes of the emitters are known. At last, computer simulations are included to examine the performance of the proposed approach. The results demonstrate that the localization accuracy and resolution of DPD with single moving linear array can be significantly improved by the array rotation. In addition, coherent DPD with RLA further improves the resolution and increases the maximum emitter number that can be localized compared with the noncoherent DPD with RLA.     

Direction finding for two-dimensional incoherently distributed sources with Hadamard shift invariance in non-uniform orthogonal arrays

This paper proposes a novel algorithm for Two-Dimensional (2D) central Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) estimation of incoherently distributed sources. In particular, an orthogonal array structure consisting of two Non-uniform Linear Arrays (NLAs) is considered. Based on first-order Taylor series approximation, the Generalized Array Manifold (GAM) model can first be established to separate the central DOAs from the original array manifold. Then, the Hadamard rotational invariance relationships inside the GAMs of two NLAs are identified. With the aid of such relationships, the central elevation and azimuth DOAs can be estimated through a search-free polynomial rooting method. Additionally, a simple parameter pairing of the estimated 2D angular parameters is also accomplished via the Hadamard rotational invariance relationship inside the GAM of the whole array. A secondary but important result is a derivation of closed-form expressions of the Cramer-Rao lower bound. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a remarkably higher precision at less complexity increment compared with the existing low-complexity methods, which benefits from the larger array aperture of the NLAs. Moreover, it requires no priori information about the angular distributed function.     

基于多尺度 3D-2D卷积神经网络的高光谱图像分类

设计提出了 1种针对高光谱图像分类任务的 3D-MSCNN模型。在 PCA降维的基础上,利用 3D空谱特征提 取网络和 2D多尺度特征提取网络实现高光谱图像特征提取,充分发挥高光谱图像空谱信息价值,增强对不同尺度 地表覆盖的表达能力。最后,利用 Softmax分类损失函数实现高光谱图像分类任务。实验结果表明,本文算法在 In. dian Pines和 Pavia University数据集上都取得了较好的分类效果。与 CD-CNN、3D-CNN、SS-Net和 HybirdSN等方法相 比,本文算法能够有效提升总体精度、平均精度和 Kappa系数等客观评价指标。     

ADS数据的处理和显示

基于航空卫星通信的飞行监视,即自动相关监视（ADS）,是航空卫星移动业务（AMSS）通信应用新领域,是建立在航空卫星通信基础上的一种新的飞行监视技术。该文介绍了基本ADS报告信息电文的组成及各部分的含义,着重阐述将所收到的ADS数据进行处理,并以直观易懂的表格及图象形式显示出来,便于确切地知道飞机的四维位置（纬度、经度、高度和时间）。     

K8V变稳飞机飞行试验验证系统

介绍了Ｋ８Ｖ变稳飞机飞行试验验证系统的组成及功能,分别阐述了该系统的飞控软件综合验证子系统、机上地面试验数据采集与处理子系统和飞行试验数据处理分析子系统等三部分的组成、工作原理、以及在飞行试验各个阶段的不同特点和作用。通过Ｋ８Ｖ变稳飞机飞行试验的应用,表明该系统能够满足变稳飞机的软件维护、系统验收试飞及后续的应用研究,具有实时,快速,准确,自动化等优点,可为Ｋ８Ｖ变稳飞机应用研究提供重要的支持手段     

贝叶斯景象匹配技术

景象匹配技术以其极高的末制导精度在导航系统中起着关键性的作用。经典的景象匹配定位方法只能提供象素级的定位精度,为了获得更高的精度可采用ＦＦＴ匹配算法、最小二乘匹配算法等。该文首次提出了一种新的贝叶斯景象匹配算法。其基本思想在于：匹配定位位置可看作为随机量,先利用匹配图像间的信息求其条件概率分布,再利用图像中的大量样本来求解其贝叶斯估计值。同时研究了基于贝叶斯估计的景象匹配技术的原理及算法,并将其与