低轨卫星多普勒频移特性的快速计算

地面站利用低轨卫星进行通信时,地面接收站接收信号存在明显的多普勒频移现象.为描述多普勒频移特性,首先分析卫星轨道偏心率对多普勒特性曲线的影响,分析表明:轨道偏心率越大,地面站接收信号多普勒变化率越大.其次,推导了卫星多普勒频移的计算表达式,并讨论了低轨卫星多普勒频移特性曲线的快速计算.仿真计算结果表明,该算法可以很好地描述任意低轨道卫星多普勒频移特性,并明显缩短了精确算法的计算时间,对于10 000 km轨道高度卫星,算法置信度可达99％以上.     

Analysis of the orbit lifetime of CubeSats in low Earth orbits including periodic variation in drag due to attitude motion

It is estimated that more than 22,300 human-made objects are in orbit around the Earth, with a total mass above 8,400,000 kg. Around 89% of these objects are non-operational and without control, which makes them to be considered orbital debris. These numbers consider only objects with dimensions larger than 10 cm. Besides those numbers, there are also about 2000 operational satellites in orbit nowadays. The space debris represents a hazard to operational satellites and to the space operations. A major concern is that this number is growing, due to new launches and particles generated by collisions. Another important point is that the development of CubeSats has increased exponentially in the last years, increasing the number of objects in space, mainly in the Low Earth Orbits (LEO). Due to the short operational time, CubeSats boost the debris population. One of the requirements for space debris mitigation in LEO is the limitation of the orbital lifetime of the satellites, which needs to be lower than 25 years. However, there are space debris with longer estimated decay time. In LEÓs, the influence of the atmospheric drag is the main orbital perturbation, and is used in maneuvers to increment the losses in the satellite orbital energy, to locate satellites in constellations and to accelerate the decay.The goal of the present research is to study the influence of aerodynamic rotational maneuver in the CubeSat?s orbital lifetime. The rotational axis is orthogonal to the orbital plane of the CubeSat, which generates variations in the ballistic coefficient along the trajectory. The maneuver is proposed to accelerate the decay and to mitigate orbital debris generated by non-operational CubeSats. The panel method is selected to determine the drag coefficient as a function of the flow incident angle and the spinning rate. The pressure distribution is integrated from the satellite faces at hypersonic rarefied flow to calculate the drag coefficient. The mathematical model considers the gravitational potential of the Earth and the deceleration due to drag. To analyze the effects of the rotation during the decay, multiple trajectories were propagated, comparing the results obtained assuming a constant drag coefficient with trajectories where the drag coefficient changes periodically. The initial perigees selected were lower than 400 km of altitude with eccentricities ranging from 0.00 to 0.02. Six values for the angular velocity were applied in the maneuver. The technique of rotating the spacecraft is an interesting solution to increase the orbit decay of a CubeSat without implementing additional de-orbit devices. Significant changes in the decay time are presented due to the increase of the mean drag coefficient calculated by the panel method, when the maneuver is applied, reducing the orbital lifetime, however the results are independent of the angular velocity of the satellite.     

基于间接法的最优小推力逃逸轨道设计

目前,小推力逃逸轨道优化的大部分研究限于平面内逃逸或对发动机模型做无约束简化处理.通过在性能指标中引入一个待定参数,采用间接法将系统两点边值问题的待定参数约束在多维单位球里;同时结合同伦思想和曲线拟合技术,由短时间无约束平面内燃料最优逃逸问题开始,逐步求解长时间有约束平面外燃料最优逃逸问题.数值仿真结果表明该方法收敛性好,能求解复杂逃逸问题,是一种高效的逃逸轨道设计方法.     

Vectran织物复合材料冲击响应与失效模式分析

文章以Vectran纤维织物与涂覆低温硅胶的Vectran织物复合材料为研究对象,通过低速冲击实验研究了材料的冲击响应与破坏模式,分析了冲击速率、冲头尺寸与冲头形状对材料冲击特性的影响。实验结果表明:Vectran纤维织物冲击破坏模式主要为主纱线的拉伸破坏,以及冲头非接触区域纱线的弹塑性变形与滑移;涂覆硅胶的Vectran织物复合材料冲击破坏模式主要为纤维断裂和拔出;织物复合材料具有明显的应变速率效应。     

机载固态有源阵指数约束二维可分离的多阶振幅量化

提出了一种用于机载有源相控阵具有指数约束的二维可分离多阶振幅量化低副瓣口径设计技术,它能有效地降低水平面和非主平面的峰值副瓣电平并能减少Ｔ／Ｒ组件的品种数。采用二维可分离的设计思想,在工程应用中可大大地减少到馈网络的品种数。计算机仿真计算结果证明了理论分析。     

宽带低轨卫星网高效组播中的部分网络编码算法

通过引入逻辑位置的概念,将宽带低轨卫星通信网的动态网络拓扑等效为多个静态拓扑的循环更替。针对静态网络的高效组播,提出部分网络编码算法。该算法只在有编码增益的节点处进行网络编码,其它节点直接路由转发。从等效的多个静态网络拓扑中提取连接关系不变的恒定网络拓扑,提出在恒定网络拓扑中采用部分网络编码实施组播。该方法能克服拓扑变化引起的路由和编码方案频繁变换问题,对应的吞吐量约为组播树路由的2倍,且优于多径路由,组播目的节点数越多,优势越明显。算法对于链路的失效具有较好的健壮性。研究成果对提高宽带低轨卫星通信网的组播吞吐量和健壮性具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。     

LEO卫星轨道误差对无线电掩星反演大气参数的影响

采用数值方法估计了LEO卫星轨道误差对无线电掩星反演大气参数的影响.并将其应用于1995年10月11日的某次掩星事件的观测资料处理和分析,得到了LEO卫星轨道误差对无线电掩星反演大气参数影响的定量结果.     

低应变率下NEPE推进剂\"双屈服\"特性及其粘-弹-塑性屈服模型

固体发动机全寿命周期中,推进剂药柱长期处于低应变率状态.为了分析硝酸酯增塑聚醚(NEPE)推进剂在低应变率下的屈服与损伤特性,开展了NEPE推进剂在低应变率(1.190×10-5～2.381×10-2 s-1)下的单轴拉伸试验.研究表明,NEPE推进剂的应力-应变曲线呈\"双屈服\"态,最大抗拉强度、断裂强度随拉伸速率的下降而明显下降,但初始屈服点(\"脱湿点\")与后继屈服点不受应变率的影响,两级屈服点应变近似保持一个稳定值,分别为13.5%和55.4%.因此,可将\"脱湿点\"应力视为推进剂的屈服强度.在此基础上,构建了NEPE推进剂粘-弹-塑性屈服模型,通过引入动屈服函数,建立了动屈服强度、粘塑性应变率与静屈服强度之间的关系.结合试验数据,NEPE推进剂静屈服强度为0.22 MPa.