Effects observed in the equatorial and low latitude ionospheric F-region in the Brazilian sector during low solar activity geomagnetic storms and comparison with the COSMIC measurements

The main objective of the present investigation has been to compare the ionospheric parameters (NmF2 and hmF2) observed by two ground-based ionospheric sounders (one at PALMAS- located near the magnetic equator and the other at Sao Jose dos Campos-located in the low-latitude region) in the Brazilian sector with that by the satellite FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultation (RO) measurements during two geomagnetic storms which occurred in December 2006 and July 2009. It should be pointed out that in spite of increasing the latitude (to 10°) and longitude (to 20°) around the stations; we had very few common observations. It has been observed that both the peak electron density (NmF2) and peak height (hmF2) observed by two different techniques (space-borne COSMIC and ground-based ionosondes) during both the geomagnetic storm events compares fairly well (with high correlation coefficients) at the two stations in the Brazilian sector. It should be pointed out that due to equatorial spread F (ESF) in the first storm (December 2006) and no-reflections from the ionosphere during nighttime in the second storm (July 2009), we had virtually daytime data from the two ionosondes.     

基于间接法的最优小推力逃逸轨道设计

目前,小推力逃逸轨道优化的大部分研究限于平面内逃逸或对发动机模型做无约束简化处理.通过在性能指标中引入一个待定参数,采用间接法将系统两点边值问题的待定参数约束在多维单位球里;同时结合同伦思想和曲线拟合技术,由短时间无约束平面内燃料最优逃逸问题开始,逐步求解长时间有约束平面外燃料最优逃逸问题.数值仿真结果表明该方法收敛性好,能求解复杂逃逸问题,是一种高效的逃逸轨道设计方法.     

镍基合金表面Al-Co共渗涂层制备

利用包埋渗法在镍基高温合金表面成功制备了Al-Co涂层.涂层为单层结构,显示出均匀、致密的特性,涂层主要由AlNi相、AlCo相和Al-Cr间金属化合物组成.涂层中Al和Co的含量明显高于基体中两元素的含量.基体与涂层之间有一层与涂层厚度相当的过渡层,过渡层是由于其内部的Al元素向外扩散导致Cr,W,Mo,Ti等元素析出而形成的.过渡层与基体和涂层之间的结合都较为紧密,达到了冶金结合.      

Niyama判据对铸件缩孔缩松预测的适用性

应用ProCAST有限元模拟软件包的Niyama判据对TiAl合金十字板状铸件中肉眼可见的宏观缩孔缩松进行了预测,并通过实验进行了验证.结果表明:对于Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb合金十字板状铸件,判据值主要受到铸件壁厚(冷速)的影响,判据值随铸件壁厚的增加而增大,宏观缩孔缩松最严重的区域不是判据值最小的区域,而判据值最小的区域只有显微缩松而没有宏观缩孔缩松,所以无法根据判据值大小来确定宏观缩孔和宏观缩松产生的位置及大小.分析表明,Niyama判据是一种基于枝晶间显微缩松的预测判据,其判据值适用于评定显微缩松产生的倾向性,可以较准确地预测出显微缩松产生的位置.由于宏观缩孔和宏观缩松形成机理与显微缩松不同,所以不宜用于壁厚悬殊的复杂铸件宏观缩孔缩松的预测.      

Seasonal and solar cycle dependence of F3-layer near the southern crest of the equatorial ionospheric anomaly

The occurrence of an additional F3-layer has been reported at Brazilian, Indian and Asian sectors by several investigators. In this paper, we report for the first time the seasonal variations of F3-layer carried out near the southern crest of the equatorial ionospheric anomaly (EIA) at São José dos Campos (23.2°S, 45.0°W; dip latitude 17.6°S – Brazil) as a function of solar cycle. The period from September 2000 to August 2001 is used as representative of high solar activity (HSA) and the period from January 2006 to December 2006 as representative of low solar activity (LSA). This investigation shows that during HSA there is a maximum occurrence of F3-layer during summer time and a minimum during winter time. However, during LSA, there is no seasonal variation in the F3-layer occurrence. Also, the frequency of occurrence of the F3-layer during HSA is 11 times more than during LSA.     

飞机蒙皮铝合金超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊试验分析

针对飞机蒙皮对接时,因搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)工艺窗口狭窄易致底部虚焊、弱连接等缺陷问题,为了探索更适合大飞机蒙皮长程稳定焊接的新方法,设计了超声辅助搅拌摩擦焊(UAFSW)与FSW的蒙皮连接对比试验,采用1.8 mm厚度的2524-T3铝合金进行了同种工艺条件下的UAFSW与FSW焊接,对表面成形良好、内部无缺陷的FSW与UAFSW焊缝,进行了拉伸、金相、扫描电镜观察等对比分析试验。结果表明,与FSW焊缝相比,UAFSW焊缝缺陷率明显降低,工艺窗口扩大;UAFSW焊缝表面纹理更细密,层叠现象消失;UAFSW焊缝的平均抗拉强度略高于FSW焊缝,达到母材强度的90.7%;UAFSW焊缝的平均延伸率则比FSW焊缝高20%左右。研究发现,超声的加入使UAFSW焊缝微观组织更细更均匀,晶粒尺寸变细小,且晶粒沿轧制方向的规律性被打乱,呈现无明显方向的杂序排列。     

橡皮液压成形工艺的可靠性稳健优化设计方法

针对当前橡皮液压成形工艺过程中材料特性、工艺参数和其他随机因素都存在的固有波动问题,面向飞机精准制造,提出了一种考虑不确定性的可靠性稳健优化设计方法.该方法基于稳健优化设计和合理的可靠性约束,对比了可靠性稳健优化解和传统优化解相关度量指标,并对2B06-O态铝合金板材橡皮成形典型的曲弯边零件进行了工艺试验验证.结果表明该方法可有效降低质量评价指标对不确定性因素的敏感度,提高了橡皮成形工艺的稳健性和可靠性.     

我国先进战机出厂费用的预估方法

由于年代上的差别、技术水平的提高和国内外研发体制的不同,国外已有的成熟估算模型不能直接用于国内先进战斗机(三代以上的战斗机)的出厂费用估算.针对这种问题,研究了国内外军工体制的差异、先进战斗机的新技术特征和研制过程的新特点对费用产生的影响,将研制体制、引进仿制、航电技术升级、改进改型和研制周期拖延5种因素考虑到费用计算当中.根据战斗机出厂费用数据统计,以Burns估算模型为基础,引入了相关的"费用因子",采用比例缩放、最小误差等方法,建立了一种国内先进战斗机出厂费用估算的新模型.以国外先进战斗机和国内三型战斗机作为算例,验证了新模型的有效性和实用性.     

氯离子和温度对铝合金在冷却液中腐蚀的影响

分别采用了动电位极化法、电化学阻抗法研究了不同温度下、不同氯离子浓度下防锈铝在模拟冷却液中的腐蚀行为,采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜对极化后防锈铝的表面特征进行了观察和记录。结果表明,氯离子吸附在防锈铝氧化膜表面,对氧化膜表面造成破坏。在一定温度下（30℃）,当氯离子浓度超过0.01mol/L时,中间产物吸附作用就会增强,阻抗谱中低频区出现感抗弧,点蚀萌生。随着氯离子浓度增高（超过0.01mol/L）,防锈铝的腐蚀加剧,耐腐蚀性能下降。随着温度的升高,阴极和阳极反应阻力变小,阳极金属铝的溶解和阴极氧还原速度增大,腐蚀速度增大。温度升高的同时,溶解氧含量下降,阴极反应受到抑制。与此同时扩散过程在整个腐蚀反应过程中的支配性降低,中间产物在氧化膜表面的吸附作用增强,从而导致低频容抗弧的出现。温度对点蚀形貌的影响主要体现在影响单个点蚀坑的几何大小,促进点蚀坑的生长。      

7A09铝合金厚板搅拌摩擦焊接头显微组织与性能研究

通过对7A09铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊试验,分析讨论了接头的显微组织和力学性能。试验结果表明:焊核区为细小的等轴晶组织,且焊接速度和搅拌头旋转速度对晶粒的大小有影响;焊接热循环对接头析出相的分布有较大影响;接头显微硬度呈W型分布,热影响区软化趋势最明显;当搅拌头旋转速度和焊接速度匹配适当时,拉伸试样的断裂位置在热影响区,接头的抗拉强度可达到母材的78%。