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611.
空间核电推进(Nuclear Electric Propulsion,NEP)系统是一种将核热能转换成电能,并驱动大功率电推力器而产生推力的革命性空间推进技术。和传统推进技术相比,NEP具有高比冲、大功率、长寿命等技术优势,非常适合未来大规模深空探测任务。基于NEP系统组成和小推力轨道理论,建立了以有效载荷为目标的NEP系统比质量优化模型。该模型能够解析NEP航天器的轨道运行时间、比质量、功率与有效载荷比的复杂耦合关系,为任务优化提供了计算依据。最后,利用该模型对NEP系统完成NASA "Juno号"航天任务进行了技术指标评估分析。计算表明,当NEP系统比质量达到4.8 kg/kWe时,其能将"Juno号"航天任务的地木转移时间由2 266 d缩短至665 d,有效载荷由160 kg提高到1 179 kg,极大地提高了航天器的探测能力,为任务方案的可行性论证和后续设计提供参考。 相似文献
612.
针对负重合型气动伺服阀(PSV)零位特性设计缺少理论依据问题,根据单个节流口的气体质量流量公式建立起气动伺服阀滑阀级的数学模型,采用假设求证法分析了零位时气体流经上、下游节流口的流动状态与影响因素之间的关系。结果表明在不同供、排气压力比下,负重合量不均等系数小于0.5283的气动伺服阀有3种可能的零位流动状态,即上、下游节流口均为亚声速流动,或者均为声速流动,或者上游节流口为声速时下游节流口为亚声速流动;负重合量不均等系数不小于0.5283的气动伺服阀有两种可能的零位流动状态,即上、下游节流口均为亚声速流动,以及上游节流口为亚声速时下游节流口为声速流动。可知气动伺服阀的零位流动状态由负重合量不均等系数与供、排气压力比共同决定。以负重合量不均等系数分别为0.5、1、2的气动伺服阀为例进行了计算和实验验证,实验结果与理论分析相吻合。 相似文献
613.
下游喉道对双喉道气动矢量喷管气动性能的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
数值模拟研究了下游喉道高度H对二维双喉道气动矢量喷管(DTN)所能达到的最大矢量角的影响,并分析了不同H时喷管腔内流动的发展规律.结果表明:H对喷管推力矢量角影响较大,尤其是H大于1与H小于1的喷管腔内会出现不同的主流发展过程.当喷管腔内主流刚好发展为完全超声速,下游喉道处声速线消失时,可以获得它在所给工况下可能达到的最大矢量角;并且H大于1时可以在较少的二次流百分比下就可以达到最大矢量角,而H小于1时则需要在较高的二次流百分比下才能达到,但其最大矢量角明显大于H大于1的喷管所能达到的最大矢量角. 相似文献
614.
通过对波瓣混合器的数值计算,研究了接触面积和流向涡对波瓣混合器引射比的影响.计算结果表明:主次流的接触面积越大,波瓣混合器的引射性能就越好,引射比随波瓣周长比的增加而线性递增.同时,流向涡的强度越大,波瓣混合器的引射比也越大,引射比随量纲一流向涡强度的增加而先快后慢增加,两者之间是指数的关系.当波瓣张角未导致气流分离时,主喷管出口的流向涡角动能随波瓣张角的增加而先慢后快增加,两者之间是抛物线的关系.而且,波瓣张角的增大不仅可以增加流向涡的涡量,还可以扩大流向涡的分布区域. 相似文献
615.
《中国航空学报》2021,34(8):112-121
Uniaxial ratcheting behaviour and low cycle fatigue (LCF) failure mechanism of nickel-based single crystal superalloy DD6 with [001] orientation are investigated through the stress-controlled LCF tests with stress ratio of −1. Then the deformation behaviour during the whole-lifetime from the beginning of the experiment to the fracture of the specimen, as well as the fractographic/metallographic morphology, are compared with the strain-controlled LCF experimental results. Through the scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations, it is shown that the failure characteristics under stress-controlled LCF loading are similar with those under strain-controlled loading. Nevertheless, unlike strain-controlled LCF loading, even under fully reversed cycle loading for stress-controlled LCF, DD6 shows significant ratcheting behaviour due to the tension-compression asymmetry. In addition, the LCF lifetimes under stress control are significantly shorter than the LCF lifetimes under strain control, and the culprit might be the detrimental effect of ratcheting strain on LCF lifetime. Based on these phenomena, an improved crystal plasticity constitutive model on the basis of slip-based Walker constitutive model is developed through modifying the kinematic hardening rule in order to overcome the inaccurate prediction of decelerating stage and stable stage of ratcheting behaviour. Furthermore, combining the continuum damage mechanics, a damage-coupled crystal plasticity constitutive model is proposed to reflect the damage behaviour of DD6 and the accelerating stage of ratcheting behaviour. The simulation results for the stress-controlled LCF deformation behaviour including the whole-lifetime ratcheting behaviour show good agreement with the experimental data. 相似文献
616.
《中国航空学报》2021,34(5):239-252
Natural flyers have extraordinary flight skills and their prominent aerodynamic performance has attracted a lot of attention. However, the aerodynamic mechanism of birds' flapping wing kinematics still lacks in-depth understanding. In this paper, the aerodynamic performance of owl-like airfoil undergoing bio-inspired flapping kinematics extracted from a free-flying owl wing has been numerically investigated. The overset mesh technique is used to deal with the large range movements of flapping airfoils. The bio-inspired kinematics consist of plunging and pitching movement. A pure sinusoidal motion and a defined motion composed of plunging of sinusoidal motion and pitching of the bio-inspired kinematics are selected for comparison. The other two NACA airfoils are also selected to figure out the advantages of the owl-like airfoil. It is found that the cambered owl-like airfoil can enhance lift during the downstroke. The bio-inspired kinematics have an obvious advantage in lift generation with a presence of higher peak lift and positive lift over a wider proportion of the flapping cycle. Meanwhile, the bio-inspired motion is more economical for a lower power consumption compared with the sinusoidal motion. The sinusoidal flapping motion is better for thrust generation for a higher peak thrust value in both upstroke and downstroke, while the bio-inspired kinematics mainly generate thrust during the downstroke but produce more drag during the upstroke. The defined motion has similar lift performance with the bio-inspired kinematics, while it consumes more energy and generates less thrust. The unsteady flow field around airfoils is also analyzed to explain the corresponding phenomenon. The research in this paper is helpful to understand the flight mechanism of birds and to design a micro air vehicle with higher performance. 相似文献
617.
W. Hausleitner G. Kirchner S. Krauss J. Weingrill R. Pail H. Goiginger D. Rieser 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2010
Satellite gravity field missions such as CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE are designed as low Earth orbiting spacecraft (LEO) with orbit heights of about 250–500 km. The challenging mission objectives require a very precise knowledge of the satellite orbit position in space. For these missions precise orbit information is typically provided by GPS satellite-to-satellite tracking (SST) observations supported by satellite laser ranging (SLR). 相似文献
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