固体推进剂药柱不确定结构分析及方法比较

针对复合固体推进剂力学性能参数的不确定性对固体火箭发动机药柱结构分析的影响,使用软件ANSYS parametric design language(APDL)建立了受固化降温载荷和压力载荷联合作用下药柱结构的参数化有限元模型.在此基础上,分别应用蒙特卡洛法和响应面法,研究了复合固体推进剂热膨胀系数与初始泊松比的随机分布对药柱结构有限元分析的影响,并对两种方法得到的概率分析结果进行了对比.结果表明:复合推进剂热膨胀系数和初始泊松比微小的变化会对结构分析结果产生较大的影响;药柱结构响应对初始泊松比更为敏感.在药柱结构有限元分析时考虑推进剂力学性能参数的不确定性十分必要.通过对两种不确定结构分析方法的比较发现,响应面法得到的分析结果与蒙特卡洛法得到的分析结果十分接近,且分析效率远高于蒙特卡洛法.      

探月返回器跳跃式再入过载抑制算法研究

针对小升阻比探月返回器大航程、跳跃式再入的特点,采用了新的过载约束条件,并在此基础上对过载抑制问题进行了描述。然后对跳跃式再入过程中影响开普勒段航程的因素进行了分析,将气动升力在地球矢径方向的分量等效为万有引力的小扰动力,推导得出了与预测校正制导律相结合的过载抑制算法。最后通过仿真校验了该算法在不影响返回器着陆精度的前提下有效实现了过载抑制,各种偏差情况下的蒙特卡洛仿真也体现了该算法的实用性及鲁棒性。     

燃烧室结构对固液火箭发动机燃速和性能的影响

对不同燃烧室结构固液火箭发动机进行了二维轴对称一体化数值计算,计算结果表明:燃速随前燃室的增长而增大,增幅越来越小,特征速度和真空比冲随前燃室的增长先增大后趋于平稳.后燃室的长度对燃速没有影响,特征速度和真空比冲随后燃室的增长而增大.相同氧化剂质量流率下,药柱长径比不影响燃速沿轴向分布,平均燃速随药柱长径比的增大而增大,增幅越来越小,最终趋于平稳,特征速度随药柱长径比的增大先增大再减小,在长径比为10.0附近达到最大值.相同理论氧燃比下,燃速随长径比的增大而增大,但不影响燃速的分布趋势;燃烧效率随着长径比的增大先减小再增大;实际氧燃比随长径比的增大而逐渐减小,且变化趋势逐渐缓慢.      

Dynamical evolution of high area-to-mass ratio objects in Molniya orbits

For special demands, some notable orbit types have been developed by human, including the Molniya orbits, which have a relatively high eccentricity up to about 0.7, and a period of 12 h. Considering that space debris with high area-to-mass ratio (A/M) has been discovered, such objects may also exist in Molniya orbits due to spacecraft and upper stages fragmentation events. However, there are not sufficient studies of the complex dynamical phenomena of such orbits. These studies can enrich the knowledge about the long-term evolution of these orbits, be helpful to propose uncatalogued objects observation and identification, and also set the protected region as well as active debris removal. In this paper, the characteristics of 2:1 resonance of Molniya satellite orbits are studied. A large set of numerical simulations, including all the relevant perturbations, is carried out to further investigate the main characteristics, and special attention is payed to the dynamical evolution of objects with high A/M, particularly affected by the direct solar radiation pressure. The long-term dynamical evolution of orbital elements, as well as the dependency of lifetime on the A/M value, is discussed.     

GNSS接收机中一种新的射频干扰抑制级联方法

为了减少系统复杂度和提高系统实时性,提出了一种新的级联算法。首先,通过三系数滤波器模型对连续波干扰进行建模,从而形成一种非线性卡尔曼自适应滤波器,并利用该滤波器作为预处理器对每路中的窄带干扰进行抑制。随后,将各路滤波器的输出送入空时自适应处理器中进行宽带干扰的抑制。仿真结果表明,在匹配谱干扰环境下,特别是在窄带干扰从卫星信号方向入射时,新算法相对于普通的空时和空频自适应处理表现出了更加优越的性能。     

Application of Analytic Redundancy-based Fault Diagnosis of Sensors to Onboard Maintenance System

Analytic redundancy-based fault diagnosis technique (ARFDT) is applied to onboard maintenance system (OMS). The principle of the proposed ARFDT scheme is to design a redundancy configuration using ARFDT to enhance the functions of redundancy management and built in test equipment (BITE) monitor. Redundancy configuration for dual-redundancy and analytic redundancy is proposed, in which, the fault diagnosis includes detection and isolation. In order to keep the balance between rapid diagnosis and binary hypothesis, a filter together with an elapsed time limit is designed for sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) in the process of isolation. Diagnosis results would be submitted to central maintenance computer (CMC) together with BITE information. Moreover, by adopting reconstruction, the designed method not only provides analytic redundancy to help redundancy management, but also compensates the output when both of the sensors of the same type are faulty. Our scheme is applied to an aircraft’s sensors in a simulation experiment, and the results show that the proposed filter SPRT (FSPRT) saves at least 50% of isolation time than Wald SPRT (WSPRT). Also, effectiveness, practicability and rapidity of the proposed scheme can be successfully achieved in OMS.     

极小展弦比背鳍气动特性研究

对极小展弦比背鳍进行了风洞实验和CFD分析。研究表明：亚声速大迎角下背鳍涡破裂影响不严重,且涡破裂迎角较大;正侧滑通常使背鳍法向力增加,负侧滑使法向力降低;CFD分析证实了大负侧滑条件下翼片法向力会变成负值,从而引起十字翼在倾斜条件下滚转力矩发生突变。     

不同模型堵塞比的超声速风洞二次喉道优化

为了延长采用真空球排气系统的超声速风洞的工作时间,拟采用二次喉道提高真空球临界工作压强。本文针对Ma=4和Ma=7超声速风洞,采用计算流体软件系统地研究了不同发动机堵塞比对二次喉道起动能力的影响以及不同尺度的二次喉道对真空球临界工作压强的影响。研究结果表明,随着发动机堵塞比的增大,二次喉道的临界起动直径相应增大,呈非线性变化,同时,真空球的临界工作压强下降。因此,二次喉道直径应针对不同的模拟状态和发动机堵塞比范围综合优化选取。     

针对机载应用的H.264编码器评估方法

本文针对机载图像实时压缩的应用需求,讨论了一种H.264编码器性能的评估方法.该方法以典型的机载视频画面为测试序列,对编码器设定一组恒定QP值进行编码,将压缩后码流比特率与标准算法对比,评判编码器性能的优劣.通过对三种不同编码器的测试对比,证明了该评估方法的有效性.     

低密度烧蚀材料高温气动剪切试验研究

利用超声速平板试验技术,对两种低密度烧蚀材料在高焓、低热流(气流剪切力70 N/m~2,冷壁热流密度200 kW/m~2,气流总焓12 MJ/kg,压力1 kPa,试验时间300 s)条件下进行了高温气动剪切试验.试验中通过试验件的不同安装方式,综合考核了材料的性能及工艺.结果表明:两种低密度烧蚀材料试验过程中无明显剥蚀,表面碳层完整,材料的抗剪切性能较好,两种材料表面烧蚀较为均匀,材料间的粘接缝没有明显的开裂,也没有出现冲刷凹槽,材料的热匹配性能较好;材料与底板之间没有脱落现象,粘接工艺较好.