活塞理论气动力静压修正方法及其在曲壁板颤振分析中的应用

提出了一种采用计算流体力学(CFD)计算的压力分布对活塞理论气动力进行静压修正的方法,将该方法应用到曲壁板的静气动弹性变形及颤振稳定性分析中,并与采用曲率修正活塞理论气动力的计算结果进行了对比.分析结果表明,采用本文提出的活塞理论气动力静压修正方法进行曲壁板的气动弹性分析,在圆柱曲壁板曲率较小的情况下,与采用曲率修正活塞理论气动力方法得到的静气动弹性变形、稳定性边界差别不大;而在曲率较大时,采用本文方法计算得到的曲壁板静气动弹性变形,其曲壁板靠近前缘部分被压的更低,而曲壁板的颤振稳定性边界更小,且这种差别随着圆柱曲壁板曲率的增加而不断增大.该方法突破了曲率修正活塞理论的小曲率限制,扩大了活塞理论气动力在曲壁板颤振分析中的适用范围.     

基于有限元的斜撑结构分析

运用有限元分析软件建立斜撑的有限元模型,根据危险工况的分析,选择端面受集中力的作用,获取了斜撑的受力和变形情况,证明了钢材的许用应力,其结果是真实的,此结构是安全的。     

Longitudinal variations of the ionospheric trough position

For the first time a comprehensive pattern of the longitudinal effect of the ionospheric trough position was obtained. We present new results with longitudinal variations of the winter trough position as a function of geomagnetic latitude for both hemispheres and conditions of high and low solar activity and all local time hours. We used a large observational data set obtained onboard the Kosmos-900, Interkosmos-19 and CHAMP satellites for quiet geomagnetic conditions. We found that a magnitude of the trough position longitudinal effect averaged for a fixed local time is greater in the daytime (6–8°) than in the nighttime (3–5°). The longitudinal effect magnitude reaches its maximum (16°) in the morning (at 08 LT) in the Southern hemisphere at high solar activity. But on certain days at any solar activity the longitudinal effect magnitude can reach 9–10° even at night. The shape of the longitudinal effect was found to differ significantly in two hemispheres. In the Northern hemisphere the trough is usually closest to the pole in the eastern (American) longitudinal sector, and in the Southern hemisphere the trough is closest in the western (Eurasian) longitudinal sector. The magnitude and shape of the longitudinal effect is also different during low and high solar activity. The Global Self-consistent Model of the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, and Protonosphere (GSM TIP) simulations demonstrate that during low solar activity, the longitudinal variations of the daytime trough position is mainly determined by longitudinal variations of the ionization function, formed due to the longitudinal variations in the solar zenith angle and the atomic oxygen density distribution. The longitudinal variations of the nighttime trough position is formed by the longitudinal variations in ionization of precipitating auroral particles, neutral atmosphere composition, and electric field.     

Godunov型显式大时间步长格式研究进展

综述了Godunov型显式大时间步长格式的研究进展。首先介绍了显式大时间步长格式的概念、分类和优势。然后重点阐述了Godunov型显式大时间步长格式的构造方法、高阶精度推广方法、多维问题推广方法和收敛特性、分辨率及计算效率等性能，展示了其在典型问题中的应用和验证。最后给出了Godunov型显式大时间步长格式研究进一步可能的发展方向。     

变稳直升机设计与应用技术

变稳直升机在直升机研制过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。通过回顾美国、加拿大、德国等航空强国各个阶段典型变稳直升机研制历程,系统性梳理了变稳直升机研制中所涉及的几项关键技术,如变稳能力分析、变稳安全策略、变稳控制方法以及可变人感系统等。在此基础上,参照国外研制经验提出了上述技术的设计原则和相关要求。同时,对变稳直升机在飞行品质标准研究、新技术演示验证及飞行员培训等方面的应用进行了简要分析。     

A finite-time 3D guidance law based on fixed-time convergence disturbance observer

In order to achieve accurate interception of high-speed maneuvering targets, this paper presents a relative Line-of-Sight (LOS) velocity based finite-time three-dimensional guidance law design framework, and discusses the application of fixed-time convergence disturbance observer in this framework. Firstly, a simple Lyapunov function is provided to show that the coupled terms in the relative kinematics can be ignored in the proposed guidance law design framework. Secondly, the realizations of several classical guidance laws are analyzed with the proposed framework, including TPN guidance law, finite-time Input-to-State Stability (ISS) guidance law, and sliding mode guidance law. Thirdly, fixed-time convergence disturbance observers are introduced to design the composite finite-time 3D guidance law, and Lyapunov method is employed to show the stability of the guidance system. Numerical simulations with different scenarios show that the proposed generalized guidance law performs high interception accuracy.     

锂离子电池用PMMA凝胶/LLZT复合电解质的原位制备

固态电池具有高能量密度和高安全性等潜力,是未来航天器电源的重要解决方案。本文利用原位聚合方法,制备了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)凝胶/Li_(6.5)La_3Zr_(1.5)Ta_(0.5)O_(12)(LLZT)复合电解质。通过选择与陶瓷相润湿性好的甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体(MMA)进行原位聚合,改善了电解质内部陶瓷与凝胶的两相界面。室温下,此复合电解质具有6.6×10~(-4)S·cm~(-1)的离子导电率。进一步采用原位聚合法,制备了Li/复合电解质/Li对称电池。与非原位方法相比,原位聚合将电解质与金属锂的界面比电阻从1 572Ω·cm~2降至367Ω·cm~2,对称电池在0.085 mA·cm~(-2)下能够稳定循环400圈,显示出良好的循环稳定性。     

The yaw stability analysis for stratospheric airships in float situation

When a stratospheric airship free floats at pressure altitude, the sideslip angle of the airship is neither random nor against the wind, but is stable on certain values. According to classical potential flow theory, a simplified two-dimensional ellipse and three-dimensional ellipsoid are firstly analyzed respectively, which implied that the airship could present crosswind orientation. The numerical investigations (CFD) on the yaw stability based on a bare hull and a finned airship are employed for verifying the theory conclusion. It is found that the finned airships can remain stable when its sideslip Angle is 55–70°, which is less than 90° of the stable angle of the ellipsoid and bare hull, but statically unstable at low sideslip angles, its static instability is similar to that of dynamic flight. Then the fight data of three stratospheric airships is analyzed. The yaw stability in flight data generally agrees with expectations drawn of theoretical and numerical simulation. These investigations serve to provide references for yaw control and configuration design of airships.     

Exploration life support technology challenges for the Crew Exploration Vehicle and future human missions

As NASA implements the U.S. Space Exploration Policy, life support systems must be provided for an expanding sequence of exploration missions. NASA has implemented effective life support for Apollo, the Space Shuttle, and the International Space Station (ISS) and continues to develop advanced systems. This paper provides an overview of life support requirements, previously implemented systems, and new technologies being developed by the Exploration Life Support Project for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and Lunar Outpost and future Mars missions. The two contrasting practical approaches to providing space life support are (1) open loop direct supply of atmosphere, water, and food, and (2) physicochemical regeneration of air and water with direct supply of food. Open loop direct supply of air and water is cost effective for short missions, but recycling oxygen and water saves costly launch mass on longer missions. Because of the short CEV mission durations, the CEV life support system will be open loop as in Apollo and Space Shuttle. New life support technologies for CEV that address identified shortcomings of existing systems are discussed. Because both ISS and Lunar Outpost have a planned 10-year operational life, the Lunar Outpost life support system should be regenerative like that for ISS and it could utilize technologies similar to ISS. The Lunar Outpost life support system, however, should be extensively redesigned to reduce mass, power, and volume, to improve reliability and incorporate lessons learned, and to take advantage of technology advances over the last 20 years. The Lunar Outpost design could also take advantage of partial gravity and lunar resources.     

高超声速巡航飞行器在线自适应反馈控制设计

由于飞行器模型的强非线性,各种建模不确定性以及飞行环境的复杂性,高超声速飞行器控制成为一个研究难点.针对某类具有参数不确定性的非线性系统,提出了一种反馈线性化与自适应估计相结合的方法,对非线性系统的输入输出动态应用反馈线性化处理以得到拟线性模型,并设计反馈控制律;对不确定参数采用自适应在线估计,利用Lyapunov方法分析稳定性;针对选择不同输出的情况,对如何消除内动态进行了讨论.为了验证该方法的可行性,将其应用于某高超声速飞行器巡航段纵向非线性模型,对速度和高度通道进行跟踪控制仿真,由于飞行器和大气环境存在建模不确定性,利用自适应控制对不确定参数进行在线估计.仿真结果显示该方法能够快速收敛,并且具有良好的在线自适应能力.