网络RTK技术在跨海区域动态定位中的应用研究

结合海上高精度定位保障工程实践,描述长基线网络差分定位技术应用的技术构成、应用模式,展示了海上高精度实时动态定位技术优势和应用前景,为海上高精度定位应用提供宝贵经验。     

进口探针支杆尾迹诱发压气机转子叶片共振的数值研究

为了探究包含支杆直径10mm进口探针的压气机罕见地出现第一级转子叶片动应变超限报警的产生机理,以更换直径8mm+3mm的探针后报警解除的情况作为对比方案,开展了进口探针支杆诱发压气机转子叶片振动的流动机理研究。以试验压气机为研究对象,利用ANSYS APDL命令流语言使用载荷步文件法对该压气机转子叶片进行了单向瞬态流固耦合数值计算。结果表明,两类探针支杆尾迹影响下,压气机转子叶片都发生了共振;引起叶片共振的激振力频率来源于支杆尾迹诱导频率与支杆通过频率的叠加,其中支杆尾迹诱导频率是由支杆尾迹涡脱落与转子叶片通过非同相位所诱导产生;支杆直径减小,支杆尾迹引起的叶片表面激振力减小,使叶片振动应变相应降低。     

基于长短期记忆网络时序数据趋势预测及应用

为了研究状态监测大数据对设备运行状态的估计和预测,提出了一种人工经验与主成分分析相结合的长短期记忆网络方法（AEPCA-LSTM）,利用运行过程中的监测时序数据对设备运行趋势进行预测。首先,通过基于人工经验的主要成分分析方法（AEPCA）从状态监测系统中提取与目标变量最相关的状态变量作为输入;其次,利用长短期记忆网络（LSTM）对目标变量趋势变化进行预测,并考虑运行过程中新数据样本的持续产生,对模型进行定期更新,以提高模型的动态适应性。最后,将所提出的方法应用于船舶副机系统的涡轮增压器转速预测中,结果表明该方法相对于传统的PCA-LSTM和LSTM,具有更小的预测平均误差0.18037,即展现了其在时序数据趋势预测的优势。     

叶片弯掠对多级风扇气动性能的影响

利用数值模拟的方法,研究了多级环境中叶片弯掠对风扇整体气动性能的影响。研究过程将弯、掠叶片分别应用于某三级风扇的第二、三级静叶,以对比性能变化并研究其内在的流场作用机制。结果表明,多级环境中弯掠叶片排可通过改变沿径向密流分布对其它叶排施加影响;弯和掠都能借助低能流体迁移控制端壁流动,但掠叶片同时具有对主流的迁移作用,这就使得掠叶片对沿径向密流分布的影响要大于弯叶片;随转速下降,弯叶片的流体迁移作用被增强,掠则相反。此外发现,在多级环境中单独使用时可获得性能改善的弯掠叶片,组合应用后并未获得双重的性能收益。     

适用于长时间烧蚀防热的蜂窝增强低密度材料

针对长时间烧蚀防热对防热材料的需求,研制了两种蜂窝增强低密度烧蚀防热材料,采用电弧风
洞加热设备对其防热性能进行了考核,并对其力学及热物理性能进行了研究。结果表明,在两种长时间(1 000
s 左右)热环境的考核下,蜂窝增强低密度材料烧蚀后背面温度均低于200℃,表面碳层均匀、完整,无明显烧蚀
量,显示了优异的隔热性能和良好的抗气流冲刷能力。     

The potential of Meudon spectroheliograph for investigating long term solar activity and variability

Observations of the chromosphere with Deslandres’s spectroheliograph started at Paris Observatory in 1893 and were followed by systematic observations at Meudon since 1908. The solar collection of H$\alpha$ and CaII K images is probably the longest available worldwide, with associated products such as synoptic maps and tables. Since 2018, Meudon spectroheliograph is the only instrument producing data-cubes of full line profiles of CaII H, CaII K and H$\alpha$, for each pixel of the solar disk. Slices of the cubes provide monochromatic images. We summarize in this paper the capabilities of the successive generations of the instrument, and explore the potential of the collection and products for analysis of rare events, investigations of past solar activity and studies of long term variability.     

基于多层感知机的远距离水下声源定位技术研究

针对传统匹配场处理方法存在水下声源远距离定位失准以及定位时间过长的问题，提出了一种基于多层感知机的水下声源被动定位方案。利用团队自研的“浮星”浮标实测的剖面数据模拟真实海洋环境，并在水中布设垂直水听器阵，仿真大量不同位置的声源在水听器处产生的接收数据。将多通道波形数据直接作为输入对多层感知机网络进行训练，从而获取高精度的定位神经网络。仿真结果表明，与匹配场处理算法相比，设计的感知机网络可以在大范围信噪比环境中实现有效的水下声源定位，其中在30dB信噪比下定位距离和深度的平均相对误差达到了1.94%和6.84%。另外，相对于失配声速剖面，使用平均声速剖面模拟的接收数据可提高网络的定位性能。     

Mechanism of interconnected synchronized switch damping for vibration control of blades

The Synchronized Switch Damping (SSD) is regarded as a promising alternative to mitigate the vibration of thin-walled structures in aero-engines, especially for blades or bladed disks. The common manner is to shunt the switch circuit independently to a single piezoelectric structure. This paper is aimed at exploring a novel way of using the SSD, i.e., the SSD is interconnected between two piezoelectric structures or substructures. The damping mechanism, performance, and effective range of the interconnected SSD are studied numerically and experimentally. First, based on a dual cantilever beam finite element model, the time domain and frequency domain modeling and solving methods of the interconnected SSD are deduced and validated. Then, the influence of the amplitude and phase relationship on the damping effect of the interconnected SSD is numerically studied and compared with the shunted SSD. A self-sensing SSD control board is developed, and experimental studies are carried out. The results show that the interconnected SSD establishes an additional energy channel between the corresponding piezoelectric structures. When the amplitudes of the two cantilever beams are different, the interconnected SSD balances the vibration level of each beam. When the amplitudes of the two cantilever beams are the same, if the appropriate interconnection manner is selected according to the phase, the resonance peak can be reduced by more than 30%. When the vibration is in-phase/out-of-phase, the damping generated by the interconnected SSD in a cross/parallel manner is even more significant than the shunted SSD. Furthermore, this novel connection scheme reduces the number of SSD circuits in half. Finally, for engineering applications, we implement the proposed damping technology to the finite element model of a typical dummy bladed disk. A piezoelectric damping ratio of 13.7% is achieved when the amount of piezo material is only 10% of blade mass. Compared with traditional friction dampers, the major advancements of the interconnected SSD are: (A) it can reduce the vibration level of blades without friction interface; (B) the space constraint is overcome, i.e., the vibration energy is not necessarily dissipated independently in one sector or through physically adjacent blades, and instead, the dissipation and transfer of vibrational energy can be realized between any blade pair. If a specific gating circuit is adopted to adjust the interconnection manner of the SSD, vibration mitigation under variable working conditions with different engine orders will be expected; (C) designers do not need to worry about the annoying nonlinearities related to working conditions anymore.     

风机叶片断裂原因分析

叶片在安装试运行过程中发生断裂,断裂位置位于叶根附近,通过对故障件的观察、测试与分析,确定了叶片发生低周疲劳断裂的原因是由于生产过程中工艺控制不良,叶片根部局部区域树脂固化不完全,导致该区域的强度、刚度极低,当受到疲劳载荷作用时在结构应力集中区域首先发生分层开裂、扩展直至最终失稳断裂。同时指出固化不完全的原因。     

基于叶端定时的转子叶片裂纹监测与诊断

为了实现转子叶片裂纹非接触式监测，提出基于??0范数的叶端定时欠采样信号稀疏重构算法。针对叶端定时信号欠采样问题，建立欠采样信号稀疏表示模型，利用分块正交匹配追踪算法对叶端定时欠采样信号进行分段重构，进而监测在变转速非稳态工况下转子叶片动频的变化情况，据此判断转子叶片是否产生裂纹。针对应变片信号间隔采样的特点，研究基于同步提取变换的时频分析方法，以提高时频图的时频聚集性。开展旋转叶片裂纹扩展试验，同时采用叶端定时和应变片系统测量叶片振动。对比叶端定时和应变片的分析结果，二者均可在裂纹叶片断裂之前至少20min，监测到裂纹叶片和正常叶片的动频发生分离的现象，即裂纹萌生致使叶片动频发生偏移，表明所提出的叶端定时欠采样信号重构方法能够实现转子叶片裂纹的监测与诊断。