Adaptive modification of turbofan engine nonlinear model based on LSTM neural networks and hybrid optimization method

An accurate and reliable turbofan engine model which can describe its dynamic behavior within the full flight envelop and lifecycle plays a critical role in performance optimization, controller design and fault diagnosis. However, due to the performance differences caused by the tolerance of engine manufacturing and assembly, and performance degradation during continuously stringent environmental regulations, the model accuracy is severely reduced. In this paper, an adaptive modification method of turbofan engine nonlinear Component-Llevel Model (CLM) based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Neural Network (NN) and hybrid optimization algorithm is pro-posed. First, a dynamic compensator with a combined LSTM NN architecture is constructed to compensate for the initial error between the experimental data and CLM of a turbofan engine under health condition. Then, a sensitivity analysis approach based on the entropy coefficient and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution integrated evaluation is developed to choose the unmeasurable health parameters to be adjusted. Finally, a parallel hybrid optimization algorithm is developed to complete the adaptive model modification when the performance degrades. The proposed method is verified on a military low-bypass twin-spool turbofan engine, and the experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

涡轮动叶凹槽状叶顶传热特性和气动性能的不确定性量化研究

基于非嵌入式多项式混沌展开方法,结合Smolyak稀疏网格技术与Sobol Indic方法构建了涡轮动叶凹槽状叶顶传热特性和气动性能不确定性量化分析系统。研究并量化了几何参数叶顶间隙和运行工况参数主流进口总温与气膜冷却吹风比不确定性对涡轮动叶凹槽状叶顶气热特性的影响。不确定性分析结果表明：在考虑叶顶间隙与主流进口总温和吹风比不确定性的情况下,叶顶换热量 基本符合正态分布。 的统计均值相对于设计值增加13.56%并且其偏离设计值10%的概率高达65.68%。相比叶顶尾缘区域,叶顶前缘部分的换热量对不确定性输入更加敏感。前缘区域的叶片壁面换热量 的不确定性明显大于尾缘部分。在叶顶间隙与主流进口总温和吹风比不确定性的影响下,0-80%轴向弦长区域内叶顶总压损失系数存在微小偏差,但在80%轴向弦长以后区域总压损失系数的不确定性偏差会达到约50%。敏感度分析的结果表明主流进口总温是叶片换热性能不确定性的主导变量,其对 与 不确定性的贡献分别为93.87%和98.32%。叶顶气动性能的不确定性则完全由叶顶间隙控制,其对叶顶总压损失系数不确定性的方差占比高达86.44%。与主效应相比,各变量间的二阶交互效应对叶顶气热性能的影响几乎可以忽略不计。     

Development overview of the revised NASA Ultra Long Duration Balloon

The desire for longer duration stratospheric flights at constant float altitudes for heavy payloads has been the focus of the development of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Ultra Long Duration Balloon (ULDB) effort. Recent efforts have focused on ground testing and analysis to understand the previously observed issue of balloon deployment. A revised approach to the pumpkin balloon design has been tested through ground testing of model balloons and through two test flights. The design approach does not require foreshortening, and will significantly reduce the balloon handling during manufacture reducing the chances of inducing damage to the envelope. Successful ground testing of model balloons lead to the fabrication and test flight of a ∼176,000 m³ (∼6.2 MCF – Million Cubic Foot) balloon. Pre-flight analytical predictions predicted that the proposed flight balloon design to be stable and should fully deploy. This paper provides an overview of this first test flight of the revised Ultra Long Duration Balloon design which was a short domestic test flight from Ft. Sumner, NM, USA. This balloon fully deployed, but developed a leak under pressurization. After an extensive investigation to the cause of the leak, a second test flight balloon was fabricated. This ∼176,000 m³ (∼6.2 MCF) balloon was flown from Kiruna, Sweden in June of 2006. Flight results for both test flights, including flight performance are presented.     

分流叶片长度和周向位置对高压比离心压气机性能的影响

摘要：为揭示分流叶片长度和周向位置对高压比离心压气机性能的影响机制,采用数值方法考察了典型分流叶片长度和周向位置下压气机性能和流场结构。通过对压气机流场的详细分析,建立了分流叶片长度和周向位置参数与压气机流动结构的关联性。研究表明：分流叶片的优化设计需综合考虑长度和周向位置,采用60%长度和60%周向位置的分流叶片方案可获得最佳压气机级性能,该方案的压比和效率较设计值分别提高了3.2%和1.0%;分流叶片改善压气机性能的机制为分流叶片对主叶片泄漏涡的分流作用,以及分流叶片吸力面高速低压气流对泄漏涡的引射作用;进行分流叶片优化设计时,应合理选取叶片长度和周向安装位置,以实现分流叶片对主叶片泄漏涡的分流和引射,同时应避免分流叶片过长导致叶顶发生明显二次泄漏和分流叶片前缘形成高马赫区。     

2219薄板铝合金浮动式双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接及组织性能分析

以运载火箭助推器贮箱广泛应用的4 mm厚2219薄板铝合金为焊接对象,研制了浮动式双轴肩搅拌头,分析了内部塑性金属流动模式及特点,并推测出需匹配较低焊接热输入才能获得优质焊缝。工艺探索及优化试验结果直接验证了焊缝内部塑性金属流动模式及推测。接头宏观组织形貌分析结果显示:不同焊接速度下的焊缝横截面宏观形貌都可以观察洋葱环特征,且随着焊接速度提高,洋葱环特征越发增多,并从靠近前进侧的焊核区逐渐向后退侧孕育发展,这也有效验证了薄板铝合金双轴肩搅拌头的设计思路。薄板铝合金双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头横截面显微硬度分布均呈"U"型,接头显微硬度最低点位于焊核区与后退侧热机影响区的交界处。接头力学性能测试结果显示:随着焊接速度逐渐升高,接头抗拉强度逐渐升高,且当焊接速度达到350 mm/min时,接头抗拉强度达到最高值。铝合金浮动式双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头延伸率整体较高,焊接速度对其影响不大。铝合金双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头正、背弯均可以达到180°无裂纹。基于立式纵缝搅拌摩擦焊系统成功实现了2 m长试片的浮动式双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊,累计焊接长度达到60 m,且双轴肩搅拌头完整,未发现裂纹、扭曲或其他损伤。     

面向性能的压气机叶片铣削加工误差分析及统计

为提高航空发动机压气机叶片的加工质量,对其铣削加工中的质量影响因素进行了分析,包括加工前工艺规划及几何造型等因素、加工过程中变形与稳定性等问题以及加工后的残余应力变形等。针对必然存在的加工误差,提出了一种概率统计方法,并在此基础上对于影响气动性能的叶型关键几何区域,建立了有关轮廓误差和叶型参数误差的统计分析方法。借助于气动性能试验,获得了稳定工况下关键参数的误差分布,从而为指导叶片的实际铣削加工提供了理论依据。     

某型压气机轴流级改型静叶设计

通过对某原型轴流级静叶的分析, 并对轴流压气机设计中采用的端部处理技术进行分析的基础上, 提出了静叶改型设计以及端部处理方案, 并进行了通流计算和造型。对改型设计中的双排静叶参数进行了优化、采用端部处理技术以及任意叶片造型, 提高了轴流级效率。      

压气机叶片受外物损伤的剩余振动疲劳寿命

采用电磁涡流激振的振动疲劳试验,对TC4材料制成的平板叶片受外物损伤后的剩余振动疲劳寿命进行了研究。结果表明,叶片的外物损伤程度取决于撞击能量E和几何标度S,对于一定的叶片,存在不影响疲劳寿命的极限损伤。对叶片损伤处进行修复和适当减小叶片振动应力水平是提高叶片抗外物损伤能力的的有效途径。通过钢钛叶片试验分析表明,由于设计叶片稳态应力水平通常以抗拉强度为参考基点,那么钢制叶片的疲劳强度的富裕程度相对要高些。      

载荷与响应耦合下叶片鸟撞击响应分析

分析飞鸟与航空发动机叶片的撞击损伤时,需要准确预估叶片的瞬态响应。其中叶片的变形会影响到撞击载荷的大小与分布,从而影响到叶片的响应。本文提出一种简单有效的计算方法,考虑了上述耦合效应,并以模型叶片为例,分析了它对叶片响应的影响程度,为工程实际应用积累了经验。     

基于混合遗传算法的压气机叶型自动优化设计

1引言遗传算法(Genetic A lgorithms,简称GA)是模拟生物在自然环境中的遗传选择和自然淘汰的进化过程而形成的一种全局优化概率搜索算法。遗传算法实施群体搜索,概率转移,不需要目标函数的导数信息,其全局搜索能力强,简单通用,适于并行处理,因而广泛应用于各种复杂系统的优化问