最优非线性控制技术在导弹控制中的研究与应用

首先运用相平面分析方法,推导了相轨迹运动方程,分析了传统控制方 法影响控制精度的主要因素和解决途径;然后运用最优控制理论,结合实际特 性,采用二次型开关线设计控制规律,对时间短和燃料省的混合指标最优控制问 题进行了探讨。仿真结果表明,该设计方法简单、可靠,具有工程实用价值。     

跨声速离心叶轮负荷分布的影响分析

以某典型负荷跨声速离心叶轮为例,采用数值模拟的方法,在级环境下分析了离心叶轮前加载、均匀加载和后加载三种负荷分布对于离心叶轮总体性能的影响,并通过对比分析离心叶轮内的二次流和熵分布等参数,讨论了负荷分布影响的内在机制。对比计算结果表明,后加载形式的负荷分布对于离心叶轮的总性能比较有利,对于叶轮内部的二次流控制效果较为理想。     

固体火箭发动机燃烧不稳定研究进展与展望

燃烧不稳定问题是今后相当长一段时间内固体火箭发动机燃烧流动领域需要解决的重要问题。由燃烧响应主导的燃烧不稳定问题具有很典型的非线性燃烧不稳定特征,是当前研究的重点与难点。采用非线性方法开展固体火箭发动机的非线性动力学分析,可以获得非线性燃烧不稳定的触发条件与稳定性区间,以及不稳定的增长过程和最终达到的极限环振荡状态。压强耦合响应、速度耦合响应、分布式燃烧、粒子阻尼和喷管阻尼是燃烧不稳定分析中重要的增益和阻尼项,在非线性燃烧不稳定分析中,这些增益与阻尼同样需要非线性表达式,需要开展精细的实验研究和理论分析,以获得更符合发动机实际工作状况的推进剂燃烧响应和铝分布式燃烧的非线性模型。深刻认识压强振荡增长过程中各阶模态间能量的传递规律,是揭示非线性不稳定触发机理和极限环形成过程的关键所在。在实验验证技术方面,需要建立起地面实验外部激励和飞试状态实际激励环境的等效分析方法,发展能够有效模拟实际飞行时发动机燃烧不稳定环境的地面等效模拟实验方法。     

Limit cycles of accretion disks in the Rapid Burster and GRS 1915+105

The Rapid Burster is known to show rapidly repetitive bursts (Type II bursts). An interesting feature of the Type II burst is an approximate proportionality of the burst duration to the time to the next burst. The time sequence from a burst to the following quiescent phase can be said to be a time-scale invariant high (burst phase)–low (quiescent phase) transition. The Galactic superluminal source, GRS 1915+105 exhibits a variety of the time variation of the X-ray flux and often repeats transitions between a high-flux level and a low-flux level. In such high–low transitions, Belloni et al. (1997b) found an approximate proportionality between the duration of the low-flux phase and that of the following high-flux phase, over a wide range of the time scale. This low–high transition can again be said to be time-scale invariant. However, an interesting difference between the two time scale invariant transitions is an opposite order of the high and low-flux phase in the time-scale invariant sequence. In the case of the Rapid Burster, the high-flux (burst) phase is the first, while the low-flux phase is the first in the case of GRS1915+105. A limit cycle between an accretion disk in a state of the standard-disk and that in a state of the ADAF (advection dominated accretion flow) is discussed to explain the time-scale invariant high–low (or low–high) transition as well as the difference between the neutron star system and the black-hole system, qualitatively. A phenomenological relation of the accretion disk change with mass ejections from the central part of the disk is also discussed.     

Impact of loading effects on determination of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame

The International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), as a realization of the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS), is represented by a set of station positions and linear velocities. They are intended to be used as regularized coordinates to which some corrections should be added to access instantaneous coordinates. The latest ITRS realization is the ITRF2005, which has integrated time series of station positions to form long-term solutions for the four space geodetic techniques. Currently, a purely linear model is used to parameterize station displacements in the estimation process, plus occasional discontinuities in case of earthquakes or equipment changes. However the input data have been derived without applying surface loading models and so surface loading effects are supposed to be embedded in the coordinates as measured quantities. We evaluate the effect of applying a posteriori loading corrections, which include the effect of atmospheric, non-tidal ocean, and continental water loading, to time series of positions estimated from Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), and Global Positioning System (GPS) data. We notice that they reduce about 50% or more of the annual signals in the translation and scale parameter time series of the SLR and VLBI techniques, except in SLR Z translation. In general, the estimated secular frame definition is negligibly affected and estimated positions and velocities are not significantly modified for stations that have accumulated a large number of observations. A multi-technique combination of such derived frames allows concluding that, for some cases, loading model corrections might degrade co-located station coordinates almost as much as they benefit them. However, most significant improvement of the estimated secular coordinates is observed for stations with less than 100 estimated positions as demonstrated with a multi-technique combination.     

Optimum blade loading for a powered rotor in descent

The optimum loading for rotors has previously been found for hover, climb and wind turbine conditions;but, up to now, no one has determined the optimum rotor loading in descent. This could be an important design consideration for rotary-wing parachutes and low-speed des-cents. In this paper, the optimal loading for a powered rotor in descent is found from momentum theory based on a variational principle. This loading is compared with the optimal loading for a rotor in hover or climb and with the Betz rotor loading (which is optimum for a lightly-loaded rotor). Wake contraction for each of the various loadings is also presented.     

直升机非线性的稳定性分析

建立了直升机的描述函数,分析和研究了非线性条件下直升机稳定性和极限环振荡情况,导出了极限环振荡情况下纵向操纵位移计算公式和稳定裕度计算公式,并根据Z—8飞机飞行试验数据进行了验证计算和误差分折。计算结果表明,本文的方法可用于各种直升机的设计估算和飞行试验数据处理,是一种非线性闭环分析方法。     

电传操纵系统设计中遇到的突出问题和对策

本文通过简要的理论分析及试验研究对电传纵向控制律设计中出现的一些实际问题,例如反馈形式、混合比、主增益、校正环节和滤波器等的选择;排除剩余振荡;对飞行品质的影响等做了较为充分有益的探讨.这对电传系统设计和改善飞行品质有参考作用.     

航空发动机设计任务循环预测的计算机程序设计

对航空发动机设计任务循环预测的计算机程序组织结构和设计方法进行了研究。编写的程序包括飞行载荷谱的预测及飞行载荷谱的处理两大模块，该程序已应用于某型教练机发动机的设计载荷谱的预测研究，以及多种型号的发动机载荷谱的处理。     

Limit protection design in turbofan engine acceleration control based on scheduling command governor

A new limit protection method based on Scheduling Command Governor (SCG) is proposed for imposing multiple constraints on a turbofan engine during acceleration process. A Gain Scheduling Controller (GSC) is designed for the transient state control and its stability proof is developed using Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). The SCG is an add-on control scheme which manages engine limits effectively based on reference trajectory optimization. Unlike the traditional min–max architecture with switching logic, the SCG method utilizes the Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) closed-loop model to form a prediction of future constraint violation and per instant solves a constraint-admissible reference within an approximate Maximal Output Admissible Set (MOAS). The influence of the variation of engine dynamic characteristics and equilibrium points during transient state control is handled by the design of contractive sets. Simulation results on a turbofan engine component-level model show the applicability and effectiveness of the SCG method. Compared to the traditional min–max method, the SCG method has less conservativeness. In addition, the design of contractive sets makes conservativeness tunable.